Pd/silicalite-1: An highly active catalyst for the oxidative removal of toluene

Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the in situ synthesis method to prepare the silicalite-1 (S-1)-supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs). It is found that the as-prepared catalysts displayed a hexagonal prism morphology and a surface area of 390−440 m²/g. The sample (0.28Pd/S-1-H) derived after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂ showed the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion (T_50% = 180°C and T_90% = 189°C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g·hr), turnover frequency (TOF_Pd) at 160°C = 3.46 × 10⁻³ sec⁻¹, and specific reaction rate at 160°C = 63.8 µmol/(g_Pd·sec)), with the apparent activation energy (41 kJ/mol) obtained over the best-performing 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample being much lower than those (51−70 kJ/mol) obtained over the other samples (0.28Pd/S-1-A derived from calcination at 500°C in air, 0.26Pd/S-1-im derived from the impregnation route, and 0.27Pd/ZSM-5-H prepared after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂). Furthermore, the 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample possessed good thermal stability and its partial deactivation due to CO₂ or H₂O introduction was reversible, but SO₂ addition resulted in an irreversible deactivation. The possible pathways of toluene oxidation over 0.28Pd/S-1-H was toluene → p-methylbenzoquinone → maleic anhydride, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde → carbon dioxide and water. We conclude that the good dispersion of Pd NPs, high adsorption oxygen species concentration, large toluene adsorption capacity, strong acidity, and more Pd⁰ species were responsible for the good catalytic performance of 0.28Pd/S-1-H.     

多硫化钙与亚铁盐联用去除工业废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)

还原稳定化修复技术是当前重金属污染修复领域的主要技术,其中,重金属去除率和环境扰动是评价修复效果的重要指标.以不同pH重铬酸钾溶液模拟Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体,分别研究了多硫化钙、硫酸亚铁和二者联用对水体重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的还原稳定性,同时考察了环境因素对药剂联用的影响并探究各药剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除机理.结果表明:当多硫化钙与硫酸亚铁投加比例为1:2时,药剂联用对Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr的去除效果均优于单独施加药剂时的去除效果且还原产物较稳定,对体系扰动作用相对较小;低pH和较高温度有利于联用药剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,HCO3-、Cl-、Mn2+的加入有利于去除Cr(Ⅵ),Fe3+对 Cr(Ⅵ)去除表现为低浓度抑制、高浓度促进;经反应产物成分分析,多硫化钙与硫酸亚铁反应生成了具有催化效果的FeS,提高了修复效果.以上研究结果可为后期Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的控制和修复提供参考.     

The impact of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ac protein on non-target arthropods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - From 2014 to 2016, individuals of the principal non-target arthropod (NTA) species in a field of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ac protein (Bt38) were...     

基于ZigBee与非接触供电的井盖防盗技术及应用

市政检查井的井盖和井下线缆设备被盗易造成人员车辆安全隐患,造成通讯、电力、供水供气中断,使企业和居民蒙受巨大损失.介绍了一种检查井综合防盗监测技术,该技术应用ZigBee无线传输技术进行并盖状态监测传送,利用工频非接触供电和直流电机驱动井盖锁技术,通过特殊设备方能打开井盖,并可利用ZigBee无线传输技术将井盖状态信号发送至监控中心,以便实时监控区域内所有检查井的工况并能及时报警、处理.     

Heavy metal pollution caused by cyanide gold leaching: a case study of gold tailings in central China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is known that the tailings of gold mines have brought serious heavy metal pollution; however, the heavy metal pollution caused by gold tailings in...     

基于遗传BP神经网络模型的矿井突水水源判别

在分析矿井突水水源的水化学特征基础上,选取常用的Na~++K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cl~-,HCO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)等6种离子质量浓度作为水源判别的依据,将具有局部搜索能力的BP神经网络和具有全局寻优功能的遗传算法(GA)进行结合,提高神经网络的泛化性。为了验证其优点,分别采用BP和GA-BP两种神经网络模型对20组训练样本进行训练,并对6组待测样本进行判别。结果表明:GA-BP神经网络模型克服了BP神经网络初始权值与阈值的随机性、易陷入局部最优的缺点,能提高BP神经网络的判别精度;虽然经过GA初始化的BP神经网络在训练过程中收敛速度与误差均不如未优化的BP神经网络,但GA-BP网络模型泛化性却高于BP网络模型,能提高突水水源的判别准确性。     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.     

新型厌氧反应器启动运行试验

自行设计了一种新型厌氧反应器,并以模拟高浓度废水为基质,对其进行启动试验研究,考察在负压控制和间歇曝气条件下新型厌氧反应器的运行效果。结果表明:启动阶段COD去除率较高,平均去除率为70%,出水pH和SS稳定,反应器内无浮渣出现。同时,负压条件下反应器内所产沼气可优先分离,产气量及上升速度明显高于正压条件;另外,对反应器沉淀区污泥进行间歇曝气可加速污泥中微气泡的分离。     

混凝-接触氧化处理印染废水的试验研究

对混凝-生物接触氧化法处理印染废水进行研究。混凝部分试验研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、氯化铁(FC)3种混凝剂对印染废水的处理效果。结果表明:PAC的处理效果最好,并确定了混凝的最佳pH值和投加量。在生物接触氧化试验部分,主要考察了水力停留时间和曝气量对COD去除率的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数。经试验,脱色率和COD去除率分别达95.68%和95.23%。     

湿法脱硫中石灰石耗量的经济性分析

石灰石耗量是烟气脱硫系统(FGD)性能试验中较为重要的测试项目,主要考核FGD中吸收剂的利用效率,它的高低将直接影响FGD的运行成本。主要介绍了钙硫比和石灰石耗量的测试方法,对运行中石灰石耗量的影响因素进行了分析,并通过对盘电公司脱硫系统运行参数的分析比较,提出了降低石灰石耗量的可行性运行方案。