重金属铅在线监测仪器性能对比研究

污染源在线监测仪器的准确性、实时性、连续性与污染源在线监测系统数据可靠性紧密相关。选取4个不同品牌的铅在线监测仪器,综合评价在线测定性能。结果表明,3种铅在线监测仪器的准确度小于10%,4种铅在线监测仪器的零点漂移、量程漂移、重复性误差均小于5%,定量下限小于0.05 mg/L,能较好地应用于铅的在线监测。     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.     

Effects of environmental factors on organochlorine pesticide residues in soils of the Guanting Reservoir area, China

Topsoil samples from 56 sites around the Guanting Reservoir, China, were measured for HCH and DDT concentrations. The total soil HCH content (including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isomers) in these soil samples ranged from 0 to 7.33 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 0.69 ng x g(-1). These levels were considerably lower than those of the total DDT soil contents (including pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD, op'-DDT, and pp'-DDT), which ranged from 0 to 76.01 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 9.46 ng x g(-1). DDT was also found to be the major pollutant in the soil samples, accounting for approximately 93% of the total organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contents. Several environmental factors including land use, soil texture, soil taxonomy, and microbial biomass were considered to be responsible for the OCP levels observed. The data provide some insight into the effects of environmental conditions such as soil formation, agricultural cultivation, nutrient enrichment, and other anthropogenic activities on the degradation of OCPs in soils. Although the OCP residues currently are below the maximum limits set for use on agricultural land in China, and only rarely would such levels pose significant ecological concern, OCPs are highly persistent in soil and bioaccumulative. The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation, especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

金属冶炼工艺重大危险因素分析及预防措施

从冶金企业金属冶炼生产的特点着手,通过统计近年来金属冶炼过程中发生的较大及以上的典型事故案例,分析金属冶炼过程中的重大危险因素及可能导致的事故后果,提出了相应的预防措施。     

The first definitive carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Asia and the delayed ascent of tyrannosaurids

Little is known about the evolution of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs during the Early to mid Cretaceous in Asia. Prior to this time, Asia was home to an endemic fauna of basal tetanurans, whereas terminal Cretaceous ecosystems were dominated by tyrannosaurids, but the intervening 60 million years left a sparse fossil record. Here, we redescribe the enigmatic large-bodied Chilantaisaurus maortuensis from the Turonian of Inner Mongolia, China. We refer this species to a new genus, Shaochilong, and analyze its systematic affinities. Although Shaochilong has previously been allied with several disparate theropod groups (Megalosauridae, Allosauridae, Tyrannosauroidea, Maniraptora), we find strong support for a derived carcharodontosaurid placement. As such, Shaochilong is the first unequivocal Asian member of Carcharodontosauridae, which was once thought to be restricted to Gondwana. The discovery of an Asian carcharodontosaurid indicates that this clade was cosmopolitan in the Early to mid Cretaceous and that Asian large-bodied theropod faunas were no longer endemic at this time. It may also suggest that the ascent of tyrannosaurids into the large-bodied dinosaurian predator niche was a late event that occurred towards the end of the Cretaceous, between the Turonian and the Campanian. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

黄河北干流与渭河相遇洪水分析

黄河北干流与渭河位于黄土高原，暴雨是洪水的重要成因．本文分析了近２０００年的历史资料，提出该地区的洪水具有周期性，１９世纪洪水达到高峰，２０世纪洪水规模有所降低，并分析了黄河北干流与渭河及其支流径、洛河洪水相遇问题：四河相遇的概率很小，多形成特大洪水，两河相遇是较常发生的事件，多形成中等以下洪水。三门峡水库的淤积使该地区洪水灾害加剧．同时还分析了该地区洪水对黄河下游洪水的影响。     

用过硫酸钾氧化—紫外分光光度法测定地表水中总氮的几个问题

通过对过硫酸钾溶解方式及储存时间的条件实验，表明，用过硫酸钾氧化一紫外分光光度法测定地表水中的总氮时，过硫酸钾氧化剂以自然溶解为好，存放时间以不超过３ｄ为为宜，还对影响总氮测定的准确度、精密度的实验因素进行了探讨。     

耐磨节流风量调节阀的研制

利用多孔射流扩散及射流叠加原理，采用双层叠板结构，研制出一种耐磨节流风量调节阀。可以取代目前除尘管网中广泛采用的节流管及风量调节阀来平衡管网阻力，具有较好的耐磨性能，使用寿命长，安装位置不受限制，调节十分方便。     

三峡库区支流的河-湖两态及其对沉积物不同形态磷含量的影响

三峡大坝独特的调度运行方式决定了三峡库区支流在水动力方面显著区别于自然河流.为探究库区特殊调水机制下支流沉积物内源磷的动态变化,于2016年在库区北岸最大支流澎溪河中游的高阳平湖段进行了 8次(1、3～8和10月,每月一次)水体和沉积物样品采集,分析其不同形态磷含量,并对流速、水深和沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性等进行了一系列分...     

基于AWRSEI的岱海流域生态环境质量时空演变及驱动因子分析

流域是重要的生态安全屏障和社会经济发展区域,为了更加客观准确地评价干旱和半干旱区流域生态环境质量,基于遥感生态指数（RSEI）引入盐度指标构建适用于干旱和半干旱区流域的遥感生态指数（AWRSEI）并以岱海流域为例分析其适用性.基于AWRSEI模型,采用4期Landsat TM/OLI合成影像,对2001~2020年岱海流域的生态环境质量进行定量评价,通过变异系数和空间自相关分析岱海流域生态环境质量时空演变规律,并通过地理探测器进行成因分析和驱动因子解释力分析.结果表明：①AWRSEI与各生态因子的平均相关系数为0.860,比单个指标分量更具代表性;第一主成分的荷载正负值和排序与RSEI一致,特征值贡献率比RSEI高3.69%,评价结果与真实地表情况更为接近,适合用于干旱区流域的生态环境质量评价.②岱海流域2001~2020年AWRSEI指数的年均值为0.427,生态环境质量基础较差,期间AWRSEI的均值呈现波动上升的趋势,并且在2020年均值达到最高0.502.整体生态环境质量明显好转,恶化区域减少了20.51%,改善区域增加了12.71%.空间分布上,岱海流域南部和西北部高海拔地区的林地生态环境质量优,北部和南部中海拔地区生态环境质量较差,湖区北侧生态环境质量优于南侧.③岱海流域AWRSEI变异系数平均值为0.280,生态环境质量状况稳定,整体变化波动较小,高波动主要集中在湖区南侧和居民点区域.岱海流域生态环境质量存在显著的空间自相关性,高-高集聚区主要分布在高海拔的林地区域和低海拔耕地区域;低-低集聚区零星分布在中海拔区域.④2001~2020年岱海流域生态环境的提升主要由于NDVI提高,NDBSI和NDSI降低.NDVI和NDBSI是交互作用最强的组合,对生态环境的解释力最强.土地利用是AWRSEI的主导因子,解释力最强.土地利用和气象因子的组合是交互作用最强,且各驱动因子之间均为增强关系.