长期施用粪肥土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素的含量与分布特征

针对珠江三角洲地区长期施用粪肥的“无公害蔬菜”生产基地,利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法,探讨了土壤中喹诺酮类(QNs)抗生素4种化合物的含量与分布特征.结果表明,土壤中4种化合物的总含量(ΣQNs)为3.97~32.03μg/kg,平均17.99μg/kg.各化合物的检出率除了洛美沙星(92%)以外均为100%,最高含量为17.21μg/kg,平均含量为0.17~9.31μg/kg,以环丙沙星为主,其次是诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星.化合物的含量与组成特征无论在平面上还是在剖面上均存在明显的空间分布差异,且随着深度增加含量迅速降低,但在80cm深度仍有检出.珠江三角洲地区长期施用粪肥蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素含量较低,土壤生态毒性风险较小,但各化合物均很高的检出率而导致的协同生态毒性尤其是耐药性问题值得进一步研究.     

利用多参数表面等离子谐振(SPR)生物传感器检测莠去津

利用自行研制的多参数SPR生物传感器,对莠去津的检测方法进行了研究.检测时间设定为15min,可以检测到10 n.gml-1的莠去津的抑制作用.利用多参数SPR传感器,可以同时对多种环境污染物进行检测,实现检测过程集成化,提高检测效率,获得对单一组份进行检测无法得到的全面和深入的信息.     

内蒙古乌梁素海“黄苔”暴发初探及防治对策

内蒙古乌梁素海分别于2008年5月和2009年5月连续2年暴发了"黄苔"事件,已不断丧失湖泊固有的养殖、灌溉、旅游等功能,严重制约着区域经济的可持续发展。乌梁素海水体富营养化程度的加剧已引起国务院领导和各界学者的关注。根据乌梁素海试验站实际监测的数据,对"黄苔"暴发期前后的水质、水文、气象等因素进行分析,以揭示影响"黄苔"暴发的环境、营养盐、水动力等条件。研究结果表明:乌梁素海"黄苔"的暴发主要是水体长期处于富营养化状态和适宜"黄苔"生长的各种条件共同作用的结果。系统科学地研究"黄苔"暴发的原因能够为乌梁素海"黄苔"暴发的预警、防治提供一定的依据。     

不同类型植物篱对长江上游坡耕地土壤养分含量及坡面分布的影响

在调查分析长江上游现有坡耕地植物篱的配置方式、生长状况和室内分析植物篱-坡耕地系统中土壤养分含量和颗粒组成的基础上,对3种坡耕地-植物篱系统中土壤养分含量及其分布特征进行了研究,结果表明：在坡耕地-植物篱系统中,植物篱能显著改善和提高植物篱带内表层土壤的养分含量,不同植物篱带内土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾平均质量分数比带间坡耕地土壤分别提高了59.1%、83.5%、56.2%、83.3%、149.6%、14.0%、153.1%,植物篱带内土壤阳离子交换量比带间坡耕地土壤提高了21.6%。植物篱带内比带间坡耕地土壤沙粒质量分数减小了9.4%,粘粒质量分数增加了21.6%,在植物篱系统中土壤粘粒质量分数与土壤养分含量在3种植物篱系统内表现出一致的规律性,自篱间坡耕地至植物篱带呈增加的趋势,至植物篱带下土壤粘粒和土壤养分含量减小。     

咸宁市桂花资源的开发利用

本文通过分析咸宁市桂花资源的生态环境及其开发利用现状,认为目前应以发展桂花旅游为先导,逐步带动桂花资源全面综合的开发利用,并提出了有关对策     

评价石灰石固硫特性的一种方法

本文以实验数据为基础,采用主成分分析法从众多指标中选择了几个主要指标作为石灰石固硫特性参数的评价体系,并按系统聚类分析方法划分了石灰石评价的等级标准,从而为燃煤锅炉选择固硫剂提供了重要的参考依据。     

Electro-conductive crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanofiltration membrane for electro-enhanced removal of bisphenol A

● A crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane was fabricated. ● Electro-assistance enhanced the removal rate of the NF membrane for bisphenol A. ● Intermittent voltage-assistance can achieve nearly 100% removal of bisphenol A. ● Membrane adsorption–electro-oxidation process is feasible for micropollutant removal. Nanofiltration (NF) has attracted increasing attention for wastewater treatment and potable water purification. However, the high-efficiency removal of micropollutants by NF membranes is a critical challenge. Owing to the adsorption and subsequent diffusion, some weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA), can pass through NF membranes, resulting in low removal rates. Herein, an effective strategy is proposed to enhance the BPA removal efficiency of a crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane by coupling the membrane with electro-assistance. The membrane exhibited a 31.9% removal rate for 5 mg/L BPA with a permeance of 6.8 L/(m²·h·bar), while the removal rate was significantly improved to 98.1% after applying a voltage of 2.0 V to the membrane. Furthermore, when BPA coexisted with humic acid, the membrane maintained 94% removal of total organic carbon and nearly 100% removal of BPA at 2.0 V over the entire filtration period. Compared to continuous voltage applied to the membrane, an intermittent voltage (2.0 V for 0.5 h with an interval of 3.5 h) could achieve comparable BPA removal efficiency, because of the combined effect of membrane adsorption and subsequent electrochemical oxidation. Density functional theory calculations and BPA oxidation process analyses suggested that BPA was adsorbed by two main interactions: π–π and hydrogen-bond interactions. The adsorbed BPA was further electro-degraded into small organic acids or mineralized to CO₂ and H₂O. This work demonstrates that NF membranes coupled with electro-assistance are feasible for improving the removal of weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants.     

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”. ● Salts transferred from seawater to treated wastewater until completely switch. ● Process demonstrated using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system. ● High-quality desalinated water obtained at ~1 mL/min consuming < 1 kWh/m ³ energy. Two-thirds of the world’s population has limited access to potable water. As we continue to use up our freshwater resources, new and improved techniques for potable water production are warranted. Here, we present a general concept called “salinity exchange” that transfers salts from seawater or brackish water to treated wastewater until their salinity values approximately switch, thus producing wastewater with an increased salinity for discharge and desalinated seawater as the potable water source. We have demonstrated this process using electrodialysis. Salinity exchange has been successfully achieved between influents of different salinities under various operating conditions. Laboratory-scale salinity exchange electrodialysis (SEE) systems can produce high-quality desalinated water at ~1 mL/min with an energy consumption less than 1 kWh/m³. SEE has also been operated using real water, and the challenges of its implementation at a larger scale are evaluated.     

Enhancement of extracellular Cr(VI) reduction for anammox recovery using hydrazine: performance,pathways, and mechanism

● N₂H₄ addition enhanced and recovered anammox performance under Cr(VI) stress. ● N₂H₄ accelerated electron transfer of Cr(VI) reduction for detoxification. ● N₂H₄ enhanced anammox metabolism for activity recovery from Cr(VI) inhibition. ● Extracellular Cr(VI) reduction to less toxic Cr(III) was the dominant mechanism. The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) would frequently impose inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, hindering the efficiency of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Hydrazine (N₂H₄), which is an intermediate product of anammox, participates in intracellular metabolism and extracellular Cr(VI) reduction. However, the roles of N₂H₄-induced intracellular metabolism and extracellular reduction in nitrogen removal under Cr(VI) stress remain unclear. The addition of 3.67 mg/L of N₂H₄ increased the anammox activity by 17%. As an intermediate, N₂H₄ enhanced anammox metabolism by increasing the heme c content and electron transfer system activity. As a reductant, N₂H₄ accelerated the reduction of c-Cyts-mediated extracellular Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). Extracellular Cr(III) accounts for 74% of the total Cr in a Cr(VI)-stressed anammox consortia. These findings highlight that N₂H₄-induced extracellular Cr(VI) reduction is the dominant mechanism for the survival of anammox consortia. We also found that N₂H₄ increased the production of extracellular polymeric substances to sequester excessive Cr(VI) and produced Cr(III). Taken together, the study findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI).     

CDM项目温室气体减排成本的不确定性分析

以清洁发展机制(CDM)为背景,针对计算温室气体排放量和减排成本中存在的不确定性进行了MonteCarlo模拟研究,分析了不确定性变量是如何影响决策变量的.结论是:各类碳排放因子、碳排放量、碳减排成本、减排收益是相互关联而存在连锁影响的,其中的发电碳排放因子和煤炭开采释放的甲烷排放系数是主要的.这为进一步计算或估计存在的风险,从而为参与CDM谈判决策提供重要的决策参考.