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岩溶区地下水位下降致塌的数值模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章运用三维数值模拟的方法对复杂的岩溶塌陷机理及过程进行了系统性研究,探讨了Flac3D三维数值模拟应用于岩溶塌陷的模拟技术及方法,为岩溶塌陷的客观评价及预测开辟了有效途径。在研究中成功地应用数值模拟的方法时地下水面以上的土洞塌陷机制进行了模拟,并对岩溶区的典型地质概化模型的致塌机理进行验证。 相似文献
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Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric boundary layer of Beijing in winter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shu Tao Yi Wang Shiming Wu Shuzheng Liu Han Dou Yanan Liu Chang Lang Fei Hu Baoshan Xing 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9594-9602
Air samples were collected using active samplers at various heights of 8, 15, 32, 47, 65, 80, 102, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 240, 280 and 320 m on a meteorological tower in an urban area of Beijing in two campaigns in winter 2006. Altitudinal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric boundary layer of Beijing in winter season were investigated. Meteorological conditions during the studied period were characterized by online measurements of four meteorological parameters as well as trajectory calculation. The mean total concentrations of 15 PAHs except naphthalene of gaseous and particulate phase were 667±450 and 331±144 ng m−3 in January and 61±19 and 29±6 ng m−3 in March, respectively. Domestic coal combustion and vehicle emission were the dominant PAH sources in winter. Although the composition profiles derived from the two campaigns were similar, the concentrations were different by one order of magnitude. The higher concentrations in January were partly caused by higher emission due to colder weather than March. Moreover, weak wind, passing through the city center before the sampling site, picked up more contaminants on the way and provided unfavorable dispersion condition in January. For both campaigns, PAH concentrations decreased with heights because of ground-level emission and unfavorable dispersion conditions in winter. The concentration ratio of PAHs in gas versus solid phases was temperature dependent and negatively correlated to their octanol–air partition coefficients. 相似文献
607.
本文简要介绍了美日英法四环境管理体制的状况,分析了四国在环境管理体制建设方面的有益经验及其对我国的启示。 相似文献
608.
应用发光菌测定有机化合物的毒性 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
本文介绍了化合物对发光菌半数抑制发光强度的毒性测定方法,测定了几十种芳烃类化合物的毒性,发现不同取代基或取代位置的芳烃毒性不同,并且对发光菌的毒性与对黑呆头鱼的毒性有相关性。 相似文献
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为有效提高水利工程建设的安全管理能力,基于SHEL(软件、硬件、环境、人员)模型,从4个角度划分出7个维度,设计了水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围量表;对湖南省湘江流域数个大型航电枢纽项目的各施工班组的工人进行问卷调研,并利用相关软件分析所收集的数据,采用探索性因子分析法确定安全氛围的维度.结果 表明:水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围的主要影响因素包括安全制度建设、设备设施管理、安全教育考核、事故预防与处理、人员沟通与态度5个方面;该量表从施工班组的角度出发,对安全氛围进行有效测量,可为水利建设单位的安全管理工作提供依据,提高安全管理水平. 相似文献
610.
Tong ZHANG Xing XIE Hongying HU Yudong SONG Qianyuan WU Zusheng ZONG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):380-384
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two typical species of pathogenic protozoans that seriously endanger water quality. Previous works indicated that detection
of Cryptosporidium and Giardia with modified United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method-1623 using a membrane filtration-elution for sample
concentration attained better recovery and lower cost compared to the USEPA method-1623. Several improvements of membrane
filtration-elution step as well as immunomagnetic separation (IMS) steps were investigated and an optimized method for detection
of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater reclamation system was recommended in this paper. The experimental results show that an overnight soak of the
membrane after scraping and vortex agitation before elution could enhance and stabilize the recovery. Increasing turbidity
to 4 NTU by adding kaolin clay before filtration could effectively improve the recovery of low-turbidity water. Washing the
concentrate after centrifugation and twice acid dissociation both reduced the impact of water quality to protozoan recovery.
Protozoans in different water samples were determined by this optimized method, and the recovery of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were above 70% and 80% respectively, much higher than the acceptance of method-1623.
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Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(12): 2547–2552 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献