Fenton氧化4-氯酚降解机制研究

为了深入探讨4-氯酚（4-CP）在Fenton氧化体系中的降解机制,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）等多种手段系统分析了反应过程中Fe2＋、Cl-、氧化中间产物对苯二酚、1,4-苯醌、4-氯邻苯二酚和4-氯间苯二酚的浓度以及氧化还原电位（ORP）的变化规律.研究结果表明,Fe2＋浓度经历了短暂的下降之后迅速上升到接近初始的...     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的铅

通过改变仪器条件及试剂配比进行优选实验,利用原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的铅可知:铅的检出限是0.020μg/L,能够满足GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求;同时原子荧光光谱仪分析样品灵敏度高、重现性好、干扰少、操作简便、分析快捷,测定样品的准确度和精密度均能达到质量控制要求。     

基于协调度与熵权法的绩效评价新方法

自人们意识到绩效评价的重要性以来,越来越多的研究集中于绩效评价的方法。以往的绩效评价侧重用数字表象进行评价,而忽略了政府、企业系统及其与社会经济发展之间的特性。基于此,根据既有的信息熵理论研究成果,提出了协调度与熵权法复合评价模型,并运用该模型对2009年度河北省区域创新绩效进行了实证分析,既科学、全面地衡量绩效情况,又便于政府、企业及其与社会经济发展之间的系统分析,是一种绩效评价方法的创新,具有一定的普适性和通用性。     

整体合建倒置A^2O氧化沟中试试验及参数优化

以处理20m^3／d城镇生活污水的深沟型气升推流立体循环倒置A^2O整体合建氧化沟中试装置为研究平台,通过对影响该工艺运行的有机物的去除效果、硝化反应与反硝化反应效果及除磷效果等因素进行探索及最佳工况的正交试验设计,实验结果表明该工艺对BOD,、COD、SS、NH4^-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为94．25％、90...     

秀丽线虫适应响应的形成与调控机理

除了环境暴露评价,在环境毒理学研究中模式动物秀丽线虫也已经被应用于适应响应形成及其调控机理研究.在综述中,系统介绍了秀丽线虫中存在的几种形式毒物诱发的适应响应,即同一因素适应响应、交叉适应响应与特殊形式的适应响应;讨论了目前已经揭示出的6种影响适应响应形成因素;分析了适应响应形成可能机制,即抗氧化应激体系、热激蛋白、金...     

Assessment of heavy metals in sediments from a typical catchment of the Yangtze River, China

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the accumulation, speciation, and distribution of various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediments from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China. The potential ecological risks posed by these heavy metals also were estimated. The median concentrations of most heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were higher than the background values of soils in Wuhan and were beyond the threshold effect level (TEL), implying heavy metal contamination of the sediments. Carbonate-bound Cd and exchangeable Cd, both of which had high bioavailability, were 40.2% and 30.5% of the total for Cd, respectively, demonstrating that Cd poses a high ecological risk in the sediments. The coefficients of the relationship among Pb, Hg, and Cu were greater than 0.797 using correlation analysis, indicating the highly positive correlation among these three elements. Besides, total organic carbon content played an important role in determining the behaviors of heavy metals in sediments. Principal component analysis was used to study the distribution and potential origin of heavy metals. The result suggested three principal components controlling their variability in sediments, which accounted for 36.72% (factor 1: Hg, Cu, and Pb), 28.69% (factor 2: Cr, Zn, and Ni), and 19.45% (factor 3: As and Cd) of the total variance. Overall, 75% of the studied sediment samples afforded relatively low potential ecological risk despite the fact that generally higher concentrations of heavy metals relative to TEL were detected in the sediments.     

太原市环境空气中挥发性芳香烃碳同位素组成及来源

利用Tenax TA吸附管采集太原市不同排放源及不同功能区环境空气样品,色谱-质谱、同位素质谱联用技术测定了其挥发性芳香烃化合物的碳同位素组成,并分析了其组成特征.结果表明,柴油挥发源、汽油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、机动车尾气源和民用燃煤源排放的挥发性芳香烃化合物中稳定碳同位素值(δ~(13)C)测定范围依次为:(-30. 79±0. 98)‰～(-29. 10±0. 14)‰、(-30. 96±0. 88)‰～(-28. 02±1. 77)‰、(-32. 13±0. 59)‰～(-27. 67±0. 49)‰、(-27. 58±0. 16)‰～(-25. 50±0. 75)‰和(-25. 14±0. 93)‰～(-23. 44±1. 32)‰,民用燃煤源显著富集13C.仅在民用燃煤源排放烟气中检出苯乙烯,δ~(13)C值为(-23. 44±1. 32)‰.太原市4个不同功能区采样分析显示,居民交通混合区环境空气中挥发性芳香烃的δ~(13)C值为(-25. 61±2. 20)‰～(-23. 91±0. 78)‰,较其他区域富集13C;工业区δ~(13)C检测值为(-29. 15±1. 06)‰～(-24. 53±1. 07)‰,较其他区域贫13C.将环境空气中挥发性芳香烃δ~(13)C值与排放源δ~(13)C值比较可发现,太原市4个环境空气点位的挥发性芳香烃主要来源是机动车尾气源和民用燃煤源,工业区受溶剂挥发影响较大.     

厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS及其对污泥表面特性的影响

取厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器中颗粒污泥,根据粒径筛分为R1(0. 5～1. 4 mm)、R2(1. 4～2. 8 mm)和R3( 2. 8 mm)这3组.提取不同粒径厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS,分析EPS特性及其对厌氧氨氧化聚集体表面特性的影响.随着厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥粒径的增加,PS含量介于(10. 69±0. 11)～(12. 28±0. 15) mg·g~(-1)之间,而PN含量从(56. 88±0. 86) mg·g~(-1)增加到(98. 59±2. 10) mg·g~(-1),且PN/PS从5. 32提高到9. 05.不同粒径厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS官能团及三维荧光组分含量不同.随着颗粒污泥粒径增大,蛋白质二级结构α-螺旋/(β-折叠+无规卷曲)值从0. 60逐渐降低到0. 43,这种变化有利于污泥表面疏水性的表达.随着颗粒污泥粒径的增大,污泥表面疏水性由54. 2%提高到63. 1%,Zeta电位由-41. 2 m V增加到-31. 5 m V,疏水性的增强和表面电荷的增大有利于颗粒污泥的聚集.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS可以增强污泥疏水性和提高Zeta电位,EPS中的PN发挥着重要的作用.     

A dynamic Bayesian networks modeling of human factors on offshore blowouts

An application of dynamic Bayesian networks for quantitative risk assessment of human factors on offshore blowouts is presented. Human error is described using human factor barrier failure (HFBF), which consists of three categories of factors, including individual factor barrier failure (IFBF), organizational factor barrier failure (OFBF) and group factor barrier failure (GFBF). The structure of human factors is illustrated using pseudo-fault tree, which is defined by incorporating the intermediate options into fault tree in order to eliminate the binary restriction. A methodology of translating pseudo-fault tree into Bayesian networks and dynamic Bayesian networks taking repair into consideration is proposed and the propagation is performed. The results show that the human factor barrier failure probability only increases within the first two weeks and rapidly reaches a stable level when the repair is considered, whereas it increases continuously when the repair action is not considered. The results of mutual information show that the important degree sequences for the three categories of human factors on HFBF are: GFBF, OFBF and IFBF. In addition, each individual human factor contributes different to the HFBF, those which contribute much should given more attention in order to improve the human reliability and prevent the potential accident occurring.     

A comparative study of the effect of clay binders on iron oxide sorbent in the high-temperature removal of hydrogen sulfide

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of clay binder, an important additive, on the performance of iron oxide sorbent in high temperature coal gas desulfurization. The four clay binders chosen for the study were kaolinite, diatomite, bentonite and brick clay. The sulfidation–regeneration cycles were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. XRD, DTA and FTIR, together with texture characterizing techniques, such as mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption, were adopted to characterize the sorbents and raw materials. The results obtained show that sorbents prepared from various clay binders exhibit different breakthrough behaviors. In addition, a correlation between pore volume and sulfur capacity reveals that sorbents with a greater number of pores larger than 200 nm (diameter), exhibit higher sulfur capacity. The reason for this is that a greater number of large pores can improve diffusion and provide a larger space for relieving heat impact. However, too many large pores may result in weak strength and very low bulk density, thus a balance between large pores and the density must be achieved. This study also reveals that clay binder can contribute to the modification of a sorbent's texture as gas is released when the mineral structure changes during calcination. In addition, a clay mineral with an active interlayer has been shown to be beneficial in improving the dispersion of active components in the sorbent, because of the existence of an interaction between the mineral and red mud.