海水及浓海水吸收二氧化硫

采用鼓泡法研究了海水及浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收效果,并考察了吸收液温度、气体流量、盐度及碱度等因素的影响.结果表明,相同条件下,浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收能力较海水明显提高,且温度越高浓海水优势越明显,气体流量为200 mL/min,二氧化硫浓度为3 140 mg/m3,25℃时,浓海水的穿透时间较原海水延长20 min,60℃时则延长30 min.相同碱度条件下,盐度的增加对海水吸收二氧化硫无明显影响;而在相同盐度条件下,碱度的增加可显著提高海水吸收二氧化硫的能力.     

基于层次分析法的电解锰废水处理技术评价

基于电解锰废水处理技术现状,采用层次分析法建立了一个4层10指标3方案的技术评价体系,从环境效益、经济效益、技术性能3个方面,对3种电解锰废水处理技术进行分析。采用专家评分的方法,根据各指标的权重,对3种技术进行评分。结果表明,电解锰废水全过程控制技术由于低廉的运行成本,较易运行,较高的锰、铬、氨氮去除率和回收率等优点使其总评分高于其他2种技术,是电解锰废水处理技术的首选。     

PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器入口结构优化

以PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器为物理模型,利用Fluent软件包,采用RNGк-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对装置内三维流场进行数值模拟.模拟结果发现,原倾斜入口(A)的装置内烟气分布不均匀.提出了水平入口(B)、左入口(C)、右入口(D)3种优化结构,并分别对A、B、C、D入口装置内气流速度、湍流强度与压降进行了模拟分析.结果表明,C、D入口使装置内气流速度分布更加均匀,且增强了装置内湍流强度,但C入口会导致压降增加,因此最佳入口为D.最后,针对入口D装置中的低速区,模拟分析了30°、45°与54°3种不同切入角度,得出45 °效果最佳.     

3种药剂对普通小球藻的抑制作用

针对再生水回用于景观水体生长的主要藻类普通小球藻,进行了药剂抑制实验。通过实验研究发现,在小球藻生长的对数期分别投入不同剂量的2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯（EMA）、大麦秸萃取液（BSE）和异噻唑啉酮3种抑藻药剂后,小球藻的生长受到不同程度的抑制。其中,EMA对藻类的抑制效果甚微,最大抑藻率仅为31%,且对小球藻的生长有低促高抑的作用。BSE对小球藻有明显的抑制作用,且药效期长、不复发;当投加浓度为1 mg/L,能起到抑制藻类生长的作用;当投加浓度为10 mg/L,能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用。异噻唑啉酮可有效抑制小球藻生长,5 mg/L的投加浓度就能起到杀灭水体藻类的作用,且药效期长、不复发。     

用味精生产废水培养好氧颗粒污泥

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,采用味精生产废水进行培养,在SBR中以逐渐降低污泥沉淀时间的方法成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥。实验结果表明：污泥接种65 d后,出现细小的好氧颗粒污泥,呈黄褐色,95 d后颗粒污泥趋于成熟,粒径达0.6 mm左右,且周围存在大量原生动物;运行95 d后MLSS提高至8.00 g/L,SVI降至30.00 mL/g左右;成熟后的好氧颗粒污泥对味精生产废水中的COD和NH₃-N具有良好的去除效果,出水COD和ρ（NH₃-N）分别为80 mg/L和2 mg/L左右。     

电动力学作用下多溴联苯醚在土壤中的迁移特性

以4,4′-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15)为研究对象,探讨了电极电压、初始土壤pH、β-环糊精加入量、NaCl加入量等工艺条件对多溴联苯醚在土壤中迁移效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电极电压为5~15V范围内,随着电极电压的升高,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果增强;初始土壤为酸性时、加入β-环糊精或NaCl后,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果均增强。本实验选择的最佳工作条件为:电极电压15V,初始土壤pH3,β-环糊精的加入量3g,NaCl加入量5g。     

Production of Poly(l-Lactide)-Degrading Enzyme by Amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis and Its Catalytic Ability in Biological Recycling of Poly(l-Lactide)

The fermentation conditions for poly(l-lactide) (PLA)-degrading enzyme production by Amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis were statistically optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal value of the most important factors was 0.39 % PLA and 0.34 % gelatin for 2.81 days of cultivation. Under these conditions, the model predicted a PLA-degrading activity of 155.30 U/l. The verification showed the production amount of 154.2 U/l. The crude enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis showed potent PLA-degrading ability, which is efficient for the biological recycling of PLA. Up to 4,000 mg/l of PLA granule was completely degraded within 5 days at 45 °C by the crude enzyme. l-lactic acid (600 mg/l) was obtained as a degradation product of PLA after only 2 h of incubation. The results indicated that the crude PLA-degrading enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis has the potential to degrade PLA to lactic acid for the recycling of PLA industry and waste disposal.     

生态文明建设与再生资源产业

党的十八大将生态文明建设提升到五位一体总体布局的战略高度,要求把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程。从人类文明转型的高度,分析了推进生态文明建设的历史必然性,探寻了再生资源产业与生态文明建设间的内在联系,剖析了再生资源产业的典型特征,并对生态文明建设与再生资源产业的未来发展进行了展望.     

Effects of bulking agent addition on odorous compounds emissions during composting of OFMSW

The effects of rice straw addition level on odorous compounds emissions in a pilot-scale organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting plant were investigated. The cumulative odorous compounds emissions occurred in a descending order of 40.22, 28.71 and 27.83 mg/dry kg of OFMSW for piles with rice straw addition level at ratio of 1:10, 2:10 and 3:10 (mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW on a wet basis), respectively. The mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of malodorous sulfur compounds emissions, which had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of VFAs, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics and ammonia emissions during composting, respectively. The cumulative emissions of malodorous sulfur compounds from piles with the increasing rice straw addition level were 1.17, 1.08 and 0.88 mg/dry kg of OFMSW, respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW was 1:5. Using this addition level, the cumulative malodorous sulfur compounds emissions based on the organic matter degradation were the lowest during composting of OFMSW.     

利用滩涂污灌土壤制备吸附剂

研究了滩涂污灌土壤吸附剂的制备方法。通过正交实验,比较了氯化锌、磷酸、氢氧化钾、盐酸几种活化剂在不同秸秆加入量、活化剂浓度、活化时间、活化温度的情况下制备的吸附剂,对水中邻硝基甲苯的吸附效果影响。实验结果表明,选择盐酸活化法制备吸附剂,在秸秆加入量为15%,经2 mol/L的盐酸按液固比为1∶1浸泡处理滩涂污灌土壤后,用氮气做保护气在400℃的条件下碳化1 h,制备的土壤吸附剂对水中邻硝基甲苯的吸附效率可以达到90%以上。