棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程,吸附达到平衡的时间为3h;热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

超声波协同纳米铁对偶氮染料橙黄G的脱色研究

采用液相还原法合成出纳米零价铁颗粒,并将其应用于水体中偶氮染料橙黄G的脱色。以橙黄G的脱色率为指标,研究了在超声波协同作用下纳米铁还原脱色偶氮染料橙黄G的过程,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：在无氧环境、室温和中性条件下纳米铁在0.5 h内对橙黄G的脱色率可达99%以上。脱色率随纳米铁用量的增加、pH的降低和反应温度的升高而增大。紫外可见光谱显示,在脱色反应过程中,染料分子中的共轭体系遭到一定程度的破坏。     

两室堆肥生物反应装置研究

以堆肥过程中物料平衡、热量平衡以及垃圾生物发酵特性为依据,设计了二室堆肥生物反应装置,并通过堆肥试验实际检验反应装置设计的合理性.装置主要结构包括:二室堆肥发酵仓、保温层、通风供氧系统、空气加热系统以及二次污染控制系统.装置的主要特点为:两发酵仓能够独立完成堆肥发酵,也可以实现堆肥一次、二次发酵串联工艺组合;通过二次污染控制系统,可以很好地减少堆肥过程中产生的废水臭气排放;采用空气加热系统,可以快速均匀地加热堆体,以满足不同堆肥工艺的需要.装置在试验研究以及小规模垃圾堆肥处理领域有一定的应用价值.     

河蚬对太湖梅梁湾沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的生物富集

以采自清洁水体的河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为实验生物,利用生物富集实验测试了河蚬对太湖梅梁湾水源地沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的生物富集.研究结果表明,将河蚬暴露于有机氯农药污染程度相似的太湖梅梁湾沉积物中(HCHs和DDTs浓度分别为1.5-1.8.S/S(以干重计)和1.1-1.7 as/g(以干重计))后,随着暴露时间的延长(24～168h),河蚬对有机氯农药的富集量随着暴露时间逐渐增加.试验结束时各样点中河蚬对HCHs和DDTs的富集量分别为(9.4±2.2)ng/g(以干重计)、(20.7±7.6)ng/g(以干重计).实验水体沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的生物沉积物富集因子(BSAF)分别为1.5±0.1和4.4±0.7.生物-沉积物富集因子(BSAF)与有机物的辛醇-水比值(Kow)存在显著正相关.     

减灾民用产品开发的可行性研究——以地震安全图动态查询公共系统为例

以地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统开发的必要性与可行性为例,阐述了社会对“自然灾害与安全信息民用产品”的需求,以及它对提高减灾实效、推动灾害与信息科学发展水平的作用。同时介绍了海口市地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统的功能、制作方法和社会用户群体的分析。     

Atmospheric distribution of particulate- and gas-phase phthalic esters (PAEs) in a Metropolitan City, Nanjing, East China

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are used in many branches of industry and are produced in huge amounts throughout the world. An investigation on particulate- and gas-phase distribution of PAEs has been conducted in Nanjing (China). The 12-h daily sampling program (from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm) for ten consecutive days was conducted in April, July and October 2005, and in January 2006 at about 1.5m above the ground level. For comparative purposes, sampling events were simultaneously conducted at two stations, one at the urban center and the other about 12 km from city center for suburban background monitoring. It was observed that the most abundant members of the PAE group were dimethyl phthalate (DMP) (10.1 ng m(-3), average), diethyl phthalate (DEP) (3.4 ng m(-3)), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (58.8 ng m(-3)), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) (3.2 ng m(-3)), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (20.3 ng m(-3)) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) (1.2 ng m(-3)). The average contribution of PAEs in the gas phase to the total PAE concentration (Sigma(6)PAE, sum of six PAE congeners) ranged from 75.0% to 89.2%. Both particulate- and gas-phase Sigma(6)PAE concentrations decreased with increasing temperature. Experimentally determined gas-particle partitioning (K(p)) of PAEs is well-correlated with their vapor pressure. The Sigma(6)PAE levels in the urban area are approximately 3.5 times as high as the levels found at the suburban station. The vertical profiles from 1.5 to 30.0m above the ground display slight height dependence.     

Tracking historical lead pollution in the coastal area adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary using lead isotopic compositions

The rapid economic development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China in the last three decades has had a significant impact on the environment of the East China Sea (ECS). Lead isotopic compositions of a ²¹⁰Pb dated sediment core collected from the coastal ECS adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary were analyzed to track the Pb pollution in the region. The baseline Pb concentration in the coastal ECS sediments before the industrialization in China was 32 μg g⁻¹, and the corresponding ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio was 1.195. The high-resolution profiles of Pb flux and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios had close relationships with the economic development and the history of the use of leaded gasoline in China, and they were clearly different from those of most European countries and United States.     

水体中高氯酸盐（ClO-4）污染控制技术

系统介绍了现阶段水体中高氯酸盐(ClO4-)污染控制技术;分析了各种技术的优点与局限性;指出离子交换、生物降解与修复是目前处理水体中ClO4-的主要技术,认为探寻有效的组合处理工艺,开发更经济、高效的新处理技术,将是今后控制水体ClO4-污染的研究重点.     

固定化海带生物吸附剂的制备及其吸附Ni2+的动力学特性

以海藻酸钠、明胶和海带粉为原料制备了固定化海带生物吸附剂。固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2＋的吸附过程可分为3个阶段：快速吸附阶段、缓慢吸附阶段和吸附平衡阶段。动力学过程可用Lagergren准二级反应动力学方程描述,限速步骤为化学吸附。随Ni2＋初始质量浓度的增加,固定化海带生物吸附剂的Ni2＋吸附量逐渐增大,Ni2＋去除率逐渐降低。吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,说明该吸附体系既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,从吸附状态看属于多层吸附,由Langmuir吸附等温方程得出固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2＋的最大吸附量为39．43mg／g,说明固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2＋有较好的吸附性能。     

固定化海带生物吸附剂的制备及其吸附Ni~(2+)的动力学特性

以海藻酸钠、明胶和海带粉为原料制备了固定化海带生物吸附剂。固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附过程可分为3个阶段:快速吸附阶段、缓慢吸附阶段和吸附平衡阶段。动力学过程可用Lagergren准二级反应动力学方程描述,限速步骤为化学吸附。随Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加,固定化海带生物吸附剂的Ni2+吸附量逐渐增大,Ni2+去除率逐渐降低。吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,说明该吸附体系既有物理吸附又有化学吸附,从吸附状态看属于多层吸附,由Langmuir吸附等温方程得出固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+的最大吸附量为39.43mg/g,说明固定化海带生物吸附剂对Ni2+有较好的吸附性能。