两种生物滞留系统脱氮除磷效果比较研究

为提升生物滞留系统的脱氮除磷效果,构建了折流式和直流式两种生物滞留系统,研究了径流流态与降雨强度对生物滞留系统脱氮除磷效果的影响.结果表明：①折流式系统可沿径流路径创造多个好氧、缺氧区块,相较直流式系统,总氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）去除率分别提升29.76%与159.30%.②折流式结构与降雨强度对系统下渗速率产生影响,进而影响系统脱氮除磷效果,低下渗速率（0.99 mm·min^-1）可提升系统脱氮效果（NO₃^--N：160.07%）,高下渗速率（2.96 mm·min^-1）可提升除磷效果（总磷（TP）：5.14%;磷酸盐（PO₄^3--P）：3.96%）.③在折流式系统中,氨氮污染负荷的81.02%通过植物吸收、微生物同化、硝化作用等途径去除,硝态氮污染负荷的52.33%被排出系统.     

Distribution,enrichment mechanism and risk assessment for fluoride in groundwater: a case study of Mihe-Weihe River Basin,China

● High fluorine is mainly HCO₃·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na type. ● F⁻ decreases with the increase of depth to water table. ● High fluoride is mainly affected by fluorine-containing minerals and weak alkaline. ● Fluorine pollution is mainly in the north near Laizhou Bay (wet season > dry season). ● Groundwater samples have a high F⁻ health risk (children > adults). Due to the unclear distribution characteristics and causes of fluoride in groundwater of Mihe-Weihe River Basin (China), there is a higher risk for the future development and utilization of groundwater. Therefore, based on the systematic sampling and analysis, the distribution features and enrichment mechanism for fluoride in groundwater were studied by the graphic method, hydrogeochemical modeling, the proportionality factor between conventional ions and factor analysis. The results show that the fluorine content in groundwater is generally on the high side, with a large area of medium-fluorine water (0.5–1.0 mg/L), and high-fluorine water is chiefly in the interfluvial lowlands and alluvial-marine plain, which mainly contains HCO₃·Cl-Na- and HCO₃-Na-type water. The vertical zonation characteristics of the fluorine content decrease with increasing depth to the water table. The high flouride groundwater during the wet season is chiefly controlled by the weathering and dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals, as well as the influence of rock weathering, evaporation and concentration. The weak alkaline environment that is rich in sodium and poor in calcium during the dry season is the main reason for the enrichment of fluorine. Finally, an integrated assessment model is established using rough set theory and an improved matter element extension model, and the level of groundwater pollution caused by fluoride in the Mihe-Weihe River Basin during the wet and dry seasons in the Shandong Peninsula is defined to show the necessity for local management measures to reduce the potential risks caused by groundwater quality.     

A review on the influencing factors of pavement surface temperature

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pavement surface temperature is of great significance to pavement performance and pavement design, as well as the development of cool pavements. The...     

软土地基上生活垃圾卫生填埋场的岩土工程问题与对策

生活垃圾卫生填埋场是处理固体废弃物的有效方法之一.尽管国内外学者对与垃圾填埋场相关的许多问题已经做了大量的研究工作,但是对软土地基上填埋场可能引起的一些岩土工程问题研究不多.针对软土地基上的填埋场,分析了填埋场在建设与运营过程将会遇到的若干岩土工程问题.针对填埋场的沉降、稳定性等问题,提出了将垃圾荷载看作变量对地基沉降进行计算和设计.考虑垃圾体的稳定性,分析由于地基破坏而引起的整体稳定性问题和变形引起的衬里系统的内部稳定性问题,研究地基处理的可行性和适应性,并加强填埋过程中的岩土工程监测工作.     

氯代有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的去除技术研究进展

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants,OPFRs)作为溴代阻燃剂的替代品得到广泛使用,其中氯代有机磷酸酯(chlorinated organophosphates,Cl-OPEs)因其在多种环境介质中检出浓度较高、生物毒性强且难以生化降解越来越受到关注.目前Cl-OPEs...     

天水地震台流体异常与汶川8.0级地震关系探讨

通过对天水台（包括子台）2008年流体资料分析,在汶川8.0地震前天水流体资料短临异常明显,同震效应突出。模拟水氡观测震前1～3月开始出现异常,5个测点基本同步变化,其特征表现为测值迅速下降,然后出现转折,在上升过程中发生地震。数字化水温资料则出现同震效应,表现为水温测值大幅下降或上升,然后在几小时内恢复。数字化水位资料出现了震后效应,表现为测值持续下降,逐渐放缓下降速率,并保持低值未恢复到原来状态。通过总结分析天水台流体资料异常,对天水台及邻区的地震趋势判断是有益的。     

异羟肟酸处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的稳定性研究

在研究垃圾焚烧飞灰的成分和对飞灰进行毒性浸出实验的基础上,采用二异羟肟酸新配体(LH2)作为重金属离子螯合剂,对焚烧飞灰进行稳定化处理.研究结果表明,垃圾飞灰主要是Si、Ca、Al、Fe、S、K、Na和Mg等的氧化物,飞灰具有一定的毒性;LH2可用作飞灰中重金属离子的处理剂,当其投加量为2.5%(质量分数),重金属离子的浸出值能达到在卫生填埋场和城市生活垃圾进行共处理的要求,并表现出较好的抗酸冲击性能.     

岷江上游营盘山遗址土壤理化特征及指示意义

古遗址地层土壤理化特征研究有助于古环境重建。以岷江上游营盘山遗址文化剖面和黄土剖面为研究对象,分析了土壤粒度、磁化率、有机质和碳酸盐含量及元素地球化学等物理化学指标及其影响因素。结果表明古人类活动影响了土壤粒度、磁化率、有机质、碳酸盐及元素迁移等特征,灰烬层土壤出现了环境指标不一致的现象。位于灰烬层上部的古土壤保留了与成壤强度一致的环境信息,指示出岷江上游干旱河谷区在全新世中晚期曾出现相对温暖湿润的气候特征。利用遗址区文化层剖面重建古环境需多指标对比研究,剔除人类活动的干扰信息。