The Economic Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation in Bijie Prefecture in Guizhou

The exploitation of mineral resources plays an important role in promoting national economic development. Mining is an essential component of China＇s industrial economy. Using grey correlation method to analyze the correlative effect of mineral resources exploitation to relevant industries, using national income method to calculate the pulling effect of mineral resources exploitation to economic growth and using graphs as well as tables to analyze the income distribution effect, the article obtains active economic effect of mineral resources development in Bijie, Guizhou. Moreover, from the view of resources-cored effect, the article analyzes negative effects such as single industrial structure brought by mineral resource development. Through analysis, we find that mineral resources exploitation to some extent brings active effects including gross domestic product growth, local financial revenue growth and relevant industries development; however, its negative effects should not be ignored. The negative effect can be lightened by diversifying industrial structure and prolonging industrial chain.     

氨基功能化碳材料的水热制备及其对活性艳红K-2BP的吸附性能

以葡萄糖为前驱物,以氨水或谷氨酸为添加物,通过一步水热法制备出氨基功能化碳材料,并研究了这些碳材料对活性艳红K-2BP的吸附性能。结果表明,在葡萄糖水热过程中加入不同添加物可以得到不同形貌的碳材料(从微球到不规则形状)。当以只有葡萄糖为前驱物制备的碳微球作为K-2BP的吸附剂时,其对K-2BP的最大吸附量为6.28 mg/g。当在水热体系中加入氨水和谷氨酸作为共聚物后,两者会产生协同作用,使得到的碳材料对K-2BP的吸附性能大大提高,最大吸附量达到37.0 mg/g。单纯的葡萄糖水热体系得到的碳微球对K-2BP的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,而氨基功能化的碳材料对K-2BP的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型。低的溶液pH有利于K-2BP的吸附。     

Effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the “soft” carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coe cient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 0.007) g/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

江苏省温室气体排放研究

根据IPCC Guidelines(1995)提供的方法,对1990年江苏省温室气体排放清单统计计算,分析该地区能源、工业及农业CO_2、CH_4等温室气体排放量的状况.江苏省年人均排放CO_2为1970kg、CH_4为22.65kg、N_2O为0.11kg,与全国平均水平接近、为全球均值一半.能源消耗是江苏省各项活动中CO_2的排放主要因素,占总排放量的91.6%;CH_4的排放主要来自水稻田,占总排放量的44.1%.     

新疆工业园区建设与布局现状和问题及对策分析

在总结新疆工业园区发展现状的基础上,分析了新疆工业园区建设与布局存在的主要问题,进而从顶层设计、全疆统筹规划角度提出对策建议,促进新疆工业园区协调有序发展。     

“非正常”凋落物对冰雪灾后南岭森林土壤有机碳的影响

2008年初,一场百年罕见的冰雪灾害袭击了我国南方地区,对南方19个省（区）的林区,相当中国森林面积的13%（1.86×107 hm2）的森林植被遭受整体性、毁灭性破坏,导致的大量“非正常”凋落物必将对森林土壤碳循环产生深远影响。本研究以广东乐昌杨东山十二度水省级自然保护区不同海拔梯度上受灾的常绿阔叶混交林3种森林群落为研究对象,采用去除冰雪灾害导致的“非正常”凋落物与受损林地进行对照试验,对冰雪灾害所导致“非正常”凋落物对土壤碳的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：灾后3种森林群落中不同深度土壤的有机碳质量分数和储量持续增加,同一深度土壤有机碳质量分数和碳储量在不同年份之间差异显著。直至2011年“非正常”凋落物分解完毕时,10~50 cm的土壤有机碳质量分数与上一年相比有减少趋势;0~10 cm的土壤有机碳质量分数稍比2010年高,但变化差异不显著(p=0.36),说明在“非正常”凋落物分解结束后土壤有机碳质量分数有减小的趋势,致使土壤碳储量下降。去除“非正常”凋落物样地与对照样地相比,各土壤深度的土壤有机碳质量分数明显下降,年平均下降百分比例变化范围为12.14%~55.34%,0~10 cm和10~30 cm土壤的有机碳质量分数下降变化波动幅度要比30~50 cm大;不同深度土壤有机碳质量分数与凋落物有机碳失质量间具有显著的线性相关性。可见,冰雪灾害导致的“非正常”凋落物对土壤有机碳质量分数和储量都有十分显著的影响,“非正常”凋落物的分解输入能显著提高土壤有机碳质量分数和储量。     

改性TiO2对X-3B的光催化性能及其降解动力学研究

以活性艳红X-3B为模型化合物,比较了改性前后TiO2光催化活性的变化.试验结果表明,通过改性大大提高了TiO2的光催化活性,Fe3+和Ag+的掺杂量均有一个最佳值,在试验的掺杂范围内Fe3+和Ag+的最佳掺杂量分别是0.1%和0.05%.对其宏观降解反应动力学的研究表明,X-3B在TiO2、Fe3++TiO2和Ag++TiO2 3种催化剂上的光催化降解动力学均能很好地符合Langmiur-Hinshelwood动力学模型.其表观反应速率常数的大小顺序依次是Ag++TiO2＞Fe3++TiO2＞TiO2;吸附平衡常数则是Fe3++TiO2和Ag++TiO2两者基本相等,两者均比纯TiO2大2～3倍.     

Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn-soybean rotations

Soil C change and CO2 emission due to different tillage systems need to be evaluated to encourage the adoption of conservation practices to sustain soil productivity and protect the environment. We hypothesize that soil C storage and CO2 emission respond to conservation tillage differently from conventional tillage because of their differential effects on soil properties. This study was conducted from 1998 through 2001 to evaluate tillage effects on soil C storage and CO2 emission in Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association in a corn [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Treatments included no-tillage with and without residue, strip-tillage, deep rip, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. No-tillage with residue and strip-tillage significantly increased total soil organic C (TC) and mineral fraction C (MFC) at the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil depths compared with chisel plow after 3 yr of tillage practices. Soil CO2 emission was lower for less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after tillage operations. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was 19 to 41% lower for less intensive tillage treatments than moldboard plow, and it was 24% less for no-tillage with residue than without residue during the 480-h measurement period. Estimated soil mineralizable C pool was reduced by 22 to 66% with less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow. Adopting less intensive tillage systems such as no-tillage, strip-tillage, deep rip, and chisel plow and better crop residue cover are effective in reducing CO2 emission and thus improving soil C sequestration in a corn-soybean rotation.     

Selective adsorption of Pb (II) over the zinc-based MOFs in aqueous solution-kinetics,isotherms, and the ion exchange mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Two series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with similar formula units but different central metal ions (M) or organic linkers (L), M-BDC...     

Assessment and management of the performance risk of a pilot reclaimed water disinfection process

Chlorination disinfection has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment plants to ensure water quality. In order to assess the downstream quality risk of a running reclaimed water disinfection process, a set of dynamic equations was developed to simulate reactions in the disinfection process concerning variables of bacteria, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia and monochloramine. The model was calibrated by the observations obtained from a pilot disinfection process which was designed to simulate the actual process in a reclaimed water treatment plant. A Monte Carlo algorithm was applied to calculate the predictive effluent quality distributions that were used in the established hierarchical assessment system for the downstream quality risk, and the key factors affecting the downstream quality risk were defined using the Regional Sensitivity Analysis method. The results showed that the seasonal upstream quality variation caused considerable downstream quality risk; the effluent ammonia was significantly influenced by its upstream concentration; the upstream COD was a key factor determining the process effluent risk of bacterial, COD and residual disinfectant indexes; and lower COD and ammonia concentrations in the infiuent would mean better downstream quality.