Occurrence and risk assessment of antidepressants in Huangpu River of Shanghai,China

Antidepressants are gaining public attention because of increasing reports of their occurrence in environment and their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through psychiatric hospital or wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) effluent, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving water bodies. This work investigates the occurrence and sources of 8 antidepressants in main stream and tributaries of Huangpu River in Shanghai. The detected concentrations of the selected antidepressants ranged from low nanogram per liter to 42.9 ng L^?1 (fluoxetine) in main stream and ranged from low nanogram per liter to 33.7 ng L^?1 (fluoxetine) in tributaries. To study the effect of hospital or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on environment, the upstream and downstream samples were analyzed. Generally, antidepressants had greater concentrations in downstream than that in upstream of the WWTPs or hospitals. It is suggesting that WWTPs and hospitals may introduce pollution into water environment. A preliminary risk assessment was conducted: none of the eight target compounds yielded risk quotient (RQ) values more than 0.1, thus indicating that no adverse effect is expected in water environment. These results will provide background data for future antidepressants pollution control and management in Shanghai, China.     

基于API方法的城市大气污染评价

收集了2006年《重点城市空气质量日报》中中国86个重点城市空气质量主要分析指标——空气污染指数（API）、首要污染物、空气质量级别,并对数据进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）总体来说,中国城市大气质量良好;（2）城市大气污染以煤烟型污染为主,大气中以TSP、SO2和NOx作为首要污染物出现的频率依次递减;（3）城市大气污染最严重的季节是冬季,最轻的季节是夏季;（4）城市大气环境质量表现出从北到南、从沿海至内陆逐步变差的趋势。     

氟对中华圆田螺肝胰脏抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响

选取中华圆田螺为受试动物,探究氟对其肝胰脏抗氧化酶SOD、GSH、POD活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果显示,在不同浓度水氟环境条件下(0、40、80、160 mg·L~(-1))连续暴露10 d、20 d和30 d时,与对照组相比,中华圆田螺肝胰脏SOD活性在暴露前20 d,中低浓度组活性被诱导升高,高浓度组受抑制降低。暴露30 d时,中低浓度组活性降低,高浓度组逐渐升高。MDA含量在暴露前20 d时,中低浓度组活性整体被诱导升高,高浓度组受抑制降低。暴露30 d时,MDA含量受到显著抑制均低于对照组。GSH活性以诱导为主均高于对照组,POD活性在10 d时均低于对照组,而在20 d时被诱导升高且均高于对照组,30 d时中高浓度以抑制为主。上述研究结果为水质污染控制及生态风险评价提供了基础数据。     

煤矸石的综合利用现状

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一 ,不仅占用大量农田和土地 ,而且严重污染环境。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化 ,对我国的煤矸石资源状况、我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究的现状进行了综述 ,并对煤矸石资源化提出了一些设想。     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utiLize and recycle the indicators shouM be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, Like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.     

常州市可持续发展限制因子辨识及发展对策

本文对我国最早的国家级社会发展综合实验区常州市可持续发展的限制因子进行了辨识，并针对限制因子提出了常州市可持续发展的对策     

利用微型动物削减剩余污泥量的研究

在污水的好氧生物处理过程中会产生大量的剩余污泥。污泥的浓缩、脱水、处理和处置需要花费大量的人力和物力 ,而且如果处置不当 ,很容易对环境造成二次污染。因此 ,最大限度减少剩余污泥的排放成为人们关注的问题。根据生态学的理论 ,加强微型动物对细菌的捕食作用 ,可使能量在从低营养级向高营养级传递过程中有一定的损失 ,同时污泥量得以减少。应用两段式生物反应器或者直接向曝气池中投加微型动物均可达到此目的。本文详细地介绍了这两种方法 ,讨论了各自的优点和不足 ,并指出了未来的发展方向     

论可持续发展的基本组织单元和层次体系

在可持续发展的实践中，选择合适的基本组织单元和建立适当的管理层次体系非常重要。本文在论述各种区域划分类型的基础上，提出可持续发展的基本组织单元应以行政功能区划为主，选择市（带县）作为可持续发展的基本组织单元，同时要兼顾经济因素和自然因素；在我国以国家、省、市（带县）作为可持续发展实践的三级体系较为适宜；并论述了区域内部和外部的调控和优化     

Synthesis of a novel ternary HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar composite and its application in cadmium(Ⅱ) and arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption

Cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) are two of the most toxic elements. However, the chemical behaviors of these two elements are different, making it challenging to utilize a single adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for both Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ) removal. To solve this problem, we synthesized HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar(HFMB), a novel ternary material,to perform this task, wherein scanning electron microscopy(SEM) combined with EDS(SEMEDS) was used to characterize its morphological and physicochemical properties. The maximum adsorption capacity of HFMB was 67.11 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 35.59 mg/g for As(Ⅴ),which is much higher compared to pristine biochar(11.06 mg/g, 0 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ),respectively). The adsorption characteristics were investigated by adsorption kinetics and the effects of the ionic strength and pH of solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) revealed that chelation and deposition were the adsorption mechanisms that bound Cd(Ⅱ) to HFMB, while ligand exchange was the adsorption mechanism that bound As(Ⅴ).