二噁英对免疫系统影响的研究进展

二噁英是持久性有机污染物的一种,它对人体健康的影响是多方面的,包括引起氯痤疮、诱发肿瘤、导致畸形、内分泌干扰、免疫毒性和肝毒性等等.本文着重总结了在二噁英对免疫系统的影响方面最近的研究进展.研究表明,二噁英可以从多方面干扰免疫系统的功能,它可以影响机体的体液和细胞免疫、超敏反应、自身免疫以及影响免疫细胞本身的活性,同时...     

苏州河市郊段底泥中COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的空间分布特征

对苏州河截流区外河段(城郊段)东大盈河口—北新泾,按河道形态,支流与城镇分布等因素,沿程采集24个底泥柱样,测定其不同部位不同深度底泥中COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N含量,分析COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N在沿程和垂向上的分布特征及其成因。结果表明,底泥中污染沿程分布呈不规则波状起伏,东大盈河、蕴藻浜、盐铁塘、封浜、华漕港、新槎浦等支流口,浮泥层中COD_(Cr)含量达2万mg/kg,超过背景值2—3倍,支流口下游200m范围内均较高;黄渡小支流口、华漕港支流口浮泥层中NH_3-H含量达250mg/kg,超过背景值3倍。在垂向分布上,底泥柱样都出现峰值分布,在某些弯道及支流口出现递减分布。底泥耗氧污染程度主要与支流及其排污量有关,其次是弯道凸岸处污染物易于沉积富集。这为苏州河市郊段环境综合治理、底泥疏浚和处置提供了科学依据。     

硫磺回收装置标定及分析

本文对Ⅱ套SRU的标定结果，进行了比较详细的技术分析，在此基础上，对装置及其运行状况作出了评价，并提出了一些建设。     

中国建设项目环境监理现状与发展趋势研究

建设项目环境监理是中国环境管理制度的一个组成部分,目前尚处于试点阶段,环境监理的管理体系还有待进一步完善。在对国内环境监理工作研究之后介绍了中国环境监理产生的背景、发展历程与现状,总结了现阶段已经取得的环境监理成果,并将部分省、市、自治区的环境监理工作开展情况进行了对比;同时对国家和各级地方环保主管部门开展环境监理工作存在的不足进行了剖析并提出了一些完善环境监理制度的建议,期冀中国的环境监理制度逐步健全并在环境管理工作中发挥重要的作用。     

Cleaning the energy sources for water heating among Nanjing households: barriers and opportunities for solar and natural gas

Energy for water heating accounts for an increasing part in residential energy demand in China. An extensive survey was conducted to analyze the determinants of household energy choices for water heaters among residents in Nanjing, China. Two sets of variables were examined as potential influences： building features and household socio-economic characteristics. Results suggest that building features such as gas availability and building structures, and household characteristics such as household head＇s education degree and energy-conserving sense are crucial determinants in choosing natural gas as water heater energy. Installation permission for solar water heater, building stories, and residential location serve as determining factors in choosing solar water heaters. Based on these, barriers and opportunities are discussed for transitions toward cleaner water heating energies, and suggestions are given for local governments to promote cleaner energy replacement in China.     

Cost-effectiveness of two operational models at industrial wastewater treatment plants in China: A case study in Shengze town,Suzhou City

The widespread illegal discharge of industrial wastewater in China has posed significant challenges to the effective management of industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTPs) and caused or exacerbated critical social issues such as trans-boundary environmental pollution. This study examines two operational strategies, decentralized model and an innovative integrated model, that have been used in the industrial town of Shengze (located in Suzhou City) over the past two decades at IWTPs handling wastewater from the city’s dyeing industry. Our cost-effectiveness analysis shows that, although the operational cost of IWTPs under the integrated model is higher than under the original decentralized model, the integrated model has significantly improved IWTP performance and effectively reduced illegal discharge of industrial wastewater. As a result, the number of reported incidents of unacceptable pollution in local receiving water bodies had declined from 13 in 2000–1 in 2008. Key factors contributing to the success of the innovative integrated model are strong support from municipal and provincial leaders, mandatory ownership transfer of IWTPs to a centralized management body, strong financial incentives for proper plant management, and geographically-clustered IWTPs.     

苯并三唑在土壤中的吸附特性

为了解苯并三唑(BTA)在水-土系统中的迁移转化,通过批实验方法研究了BTA在华北平原土样(GSS13)中的吸附,考察了平衡时间、土壤投加量、溶液初始pH以及共存阳离子对吸附的影响。结果表明,在初始阶段,土壤对BTA的吸附速率较快,之后随着吸附点位的减少,吸附逐渐变慢;吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程。土壤对BTA的平衡吸附为非线性吸附,吸附等温线为Freundlich型;随着土壤投加量的增大,单位质量土壤吸附BTA的量减少,可能原因是所选土壤对BTA的吸附存在"固体浓度效应"。溶液的pH通过改变BTA的存在形式和土壤表面的带电性而影响吸附,当溶液pH在BTA的pKa2(8.6)附近时,土壤对BTA的吸附效果最好。此外,溶液中共存阳离子对土壤吸附BTA有不同的影响, Na+对吸附影响不明显,而不同浓度Ca2+对BTA的吸附有不同程度的促进作用。     

厌氧发酵系统中回流沼液的产甲烷活性研究

为确定两阶段厌氧发酵系统合理的污泥回流时段,对厌氧发酵系统排出沼液产甲烷活性进行了研究。通过对这些沼液在后储罐放置的不同天数(0~5 d)测定其不同的活性,用间歇实验方法测定最大比产甲烷活性(Um ax.CH4)作为厌氧污泥的产甲烷活性指标。结果表明,排出的沼液产甲烷活性在不同的时间段有所不同,经实验得出沼液放置第2 d时的产甲烷活性最高,从而确定该两阶段厌氧发酵系统排出污泥合理的回流时段应该是沼液进入后储罐的第2 d。进而为在线活性污泥与后储罐最佳活性时段污泥混合的污泥回流工艺提供理论依据。