黄龙钙华水体藻多样性及分布规律研究

对黄龙钙华水体藻种类、分布规律及多样性进行了研究,共鉴定出23属53种淡水藻类,分属5门。黄龙钙华水体藻类以硅藻占绝对优势,绿藻、黄藻门、蓝藻门次之,裸藻门、金藻门最少。从季节交替变化来看,春季小球藻最多,夏秋季节硅藻最多;从分布规律来看,夏季以海拔最高的泉眼处藻类最多,沿海拔降低藻类数量递减;秋季以钙华滩流群处藻类最盛。多样性分析结果表明,黄龙水体钙华藻类的物种丰富度指数dmar在0.083⁰.667之间,多样性指数H在0.1910.667之间,多样性指数H在0.191¹.99之间,均匀度e在0.2761.99之间,均匀度e在0.276¹.000之间。结果表明黄龙钙华水体藻类受到季节、温度、水量等环境因数和海拔、钙华滩、彩池等地理因素影响表现出现种群的周期演替。     

松北区湿地生态系统健康评价及恢复对策

运用湿地健康评价指标体系,对松北区湿地健康进行了评价。采用专家咨询法及层次分析法确定各指标权重,用模糊综合评价法对松北区湿地生态系统健康评价,并对结果进行了诊断分析及预警分析。针对评价结果进行松北湿地生态系统健康影响因素分析,得出影响因子既有湿地自身生态过程,也有人类活动作用,人类活动的影响最大。针对生态健康影响因素提出了松北区湿地健康的恢复对策。     

Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

A novel adsorbent named lipoid adsorption material (LAM), with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and a hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide), was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine (a type of HOC) removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon (PAC), LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6–12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.     

在低碳经济中中国发展物流业的途径研究

针对在低碳经济中中国发展物流业的途径研究,首先介绍了在低碳经济中中国物流业的发展现状,探讨了在低碳经济中中国物流业存在问题,主要包括:中国物流业成本问题、中国物流业信息化问题、中国物流设施和技术装备问题和中国第三方物流的发展问题,提出在低碳经济中中国物流业的发展途径是中国物流业信息化程度的发展、中国物流业效率的发展、第三方物流在中国的发展、物流业设施和技术装备发展和专业物流业人才的发展,为中国发展物流业奠定了基础。     

广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯内暴露水平及分布特征

对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种防腐剂和抑菌剂,广泛应用于食品、药品和化妆品等行业。研究已证实对羟基苯甲酸酯具有一定的生殖毒性、发育毒性以及雌激素活性。通过测定尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的含量,可综合地反映出人体对羟基苯甲酸酯的暴露情况。本研究采集66例广州市某幼儿园儿童尿样,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测了其中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯等5种对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度水平。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的中值浓度分别为4.42、1.39和1.74μg·L~(-1)。对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯检出率较低。本研究中广州市幼儿园儿童对羟基苯甲酸酯含量水平远低于欧美国家同龄儿童,而与印度同龄儿童水平相当。相关性分析显示,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯与对羟基苯甲酸丙酯呈一定程度的相关性,暗示二者可能有相同的来源。     

代谢组学技术在环境毒理学研究中的应用

代谢组学作为系统生物学的一部分,通过考察机体受刺激后体液或组织中内源性代谢物的动态变化规律,并结合生物信息统计方法,可系统全面地揭示内因和外因作用于机体的毒性效应和机制。代谢组学技术具有快速、灵敏度高、选择性强的特点,逐渐在低剂量环境污染物长期暴露的毒性效应评估方面发挥出优势。本文综述了代谢组学技术的主要研究手段,在毒理学研究中的发展历程和优点,以及在环境毒理学研究中的应用及前景展望。重点讨论了代谢组学技术在重金属和持久性有机污染物(POPs)毒性评估以及环境胁迫耐受性评价中的应用。     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of quinoline-contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to examine the ability of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation to efficiently remove quinoline from contaminated kaolinite soils. In order to accomplish this, the effect of a voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration on migration of quinoline in kaolinite was determined. The results showed that EK transport process effectively stimulated desorption and movement of quinoline in kaolinite. The rate and distance of migration rose with increasing voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration under certain conditions. The mechanisms that drive quinoline migration by electrodynamic processes were established as attributed to either electromigration or electroosmosis, and both played key roles in driving quinoline to migrate towards the cathode.     

A low cost method to estimate dissolved reactive phosphorus loads of rivers and streams

Concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus ([DRP]) in rivers changes periodically (daily, weekly, seasonally) and is dependent on the weather and discharge Q. Accordingly, accurate estimation of the annual DRP load requires intensive sampling if not even continuous monitoring, which is laborious and expensive. We present a new, elaborated low cost technique based on passive samplers (P-traps), describing their design and chemical analysis. P-traps use iron(oxy)hydroxide as a sorbent, are inexpensive, easy to handle, and can be exposed for several months. We compare average DRP concentrations obtained from spot samples and P-traps and discuss the applicability and accuracy of the suggested method to measure annual P loads of rivers characterized by highly variable DRP concentrations.     

Statistically Integrated Flow and Flood Modelling Compared to Hydrologically Integrated Quantity and Quality Model for Annual Flows in the Regulated Macquarie River in Arid Australia

Water resource management traditionally depends on use of highly complex hydrological models designed originally to manage water for abstraction but increasingly relied on to determine ecological impacts and test ecological rehabilitation opportunities. These models are rarely independently tested. We compared a relatively simple statistical model, integrated flow and flood modelling (IFFM), with a complex hydrological model, the integrated quality and quantity model (IQQM), on the highly regulated Macquarie River of the Murray-Darling Basin, southeastern Australia. We compared annual flows (1891–2007) at three gauges to actual data and modelled output: before dams and diversions (unregulated) and after river regulation (regulated), using the goodness of fit (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency) and nonparametric tests. IQQM underestimated impacts of river regulation respectively on median and average flows at the Macquarie Marshes (Oxley gauge) by about 10% and 16%, compared to IFFM. IFFM model output more closely matched actual unregulated and regulated flows than IQQM which tended to underestimate unregulated flows and overestimate regulated flows at the Ramsar-listed wetland. Output was reasonably similar for the two models at the other two flow gauges. Relatively simple statistical models could more reliably estimate ecological impact at floodplains of large river systems, as well as an independent assessment tool compared to complex hydrological models. Finally, such statistical models may be valuable for predicting ecological responses to environmental flows, given their simplicity and relative ease to run.     

开滦赵各庄煤矿采煤沉陷土地资源影响评价

采煤沉陷已成为煤矿区危害范围最广、影响程度最大、延续时间最长的一种工程地质灾害,在对赵各庄煤矿矿山地质环境调查的基础上,分析采空沉陷区对土地资源影响特征,并预测采空沉陷区土地资源影响和破坏发展趋势,指出了沉陷区土地复垦规划原则,提出了合理的复垦建议。