海上溢油下潜过程特征的实验考察

海上溢油行为的研究是预测其归宿、控制其危害的关键所在。由于目前对溢油下潜于水时所受多因素影响、经历多个子过程的综合效应不清,文章用挡板烧瓶模拟波浪,考察其行为特征。结果表明:波浪类型对下潜率影响最大,破碎波和规则波下油的下潜率差异可达79.8%;上浮过程的影响可使得下潜率随时间出现最大值,随分散剂含量的增加有最大值。对比静置中下潜率的变化规律,可认为波浪通过夹带和破碎作用使油下潜,分散剂则增加了下潜稳定性。实验结果可对海面溢油下潜过程的预测提供理论依据和实验数据。     

Performance of the emerging biochar on the stabilization of potentially toxic metals in smelter- and mining-contaminated soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil potentially toxic metals (PTMs) pollution caused by anthropogenic activities has become serious concern with respect to the crop safety...     

环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的意义探索

本文首先介绍了数据仓库的应用特点,如面向主题、集成化、数据不可更新、数据随时间的变化而变化等,然后明确提出了环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的意义,主要包括有利于强化环境保护信息化建设、有利于顺应环境保护新形势发展需求、有利于实现环保保护科学决策等,最后重点总结了环境保护工程中建立数据仓库的具体应用,主要体现在环境信息数据仓库的钻取查询、环境信息数据仓库评价和预测处理、互联网信息平台技术联机管理系统等,实现数据仓库的顺利构建,将其应用价值充分发挥出来,进而给予环境保护工程强有力的实施保证。     

Co-application of energy uncoupling and ultrafiltration in sludge treatment: Evaluations of sludge reduction,supernatant recovery and membrane fouling control

• Effects of metabolic uncouplers addition on sludge reduction were carried out. • TCS addition effectively inhibited ATP synthesis and reduced sludge yield. • The effluent quality such as TOC and ammonia deteriorated but not significantly. • Suitable dosage retarded biofouling during sludge water recovery by UF membrane. Energy uncoupling is often used for sludge reduction because it is easy to operate and does not require a significant amount of extra equipments (i.e. no additional tank required). However, over time the supernatant extracted using this method can deteriorate, ultimately requiring further treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane process for sludge water recovery after the sludge had undergone an energy uncoupling treatment (using 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS)). Energy uncoupling was found to break apart sludge floc by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Analysis of supernatant indicated that when energy uncoupling and membrane filtration were co-applied and the TCS dosage was below 30 mg/L, there was no significant deterioration in organic component removal. However, ammonia and phosphate concentrations were found to increase as the concentration of TCS added increased. Additionally, due to low sludge concentrations and EPS contents, addition of 30–60 mg/L TCS during sludge reduction increased the permeate flux (two times higher than the control) and decreased the hydraulic reversible and cake layer resistances. In contrast, high dosage of TCS aggravated membrane fouling by forming compact fouling layers. In general, this study found that the co-application of energy uncoupling and membrane filtration processes represents an effective alternative method for simultaneous sludge reduction and sludge supernatant recovery.     

Dechlorane plus (DP) in indoor and outdoor air of an urban city in South China: Implications for sources and human inhalation exposure

Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chemical of emerging concern due to the restrictions on brominated flame retardant formulations. However, very little information is known about the occurrence of DP in indoor and outdoor air and its associated health risk to the exposed human population. In this study, we examined the concentrations and isomer profiles of DP in archived air samples collected from 14 homes, 6 offices, and 10 public microenvironments in Guangzhou, China in 2004–2005. The average (median) value of atmospheric ΣDP (sum of anti-DP and syn-DP) concentration in the three indoor air was 5.73 ± 5.33 (3.62) for offices, 8.08 ± 5.17 (6.87) for homes, and 57.27 ± 83.08 (32.58) pg/m³ for public microenvironments, respectively. ΣDP concentration was significantly higher in the public microenvironments than those in homes and offices. The arithmetic mean and median concentrations of ΣDP in outdoor air were 36.00 and 28.76 pg/m³, respectively. Spatially and temporally consistent indoor and outdoor samples comparison suggested that outdoor air might be a relevant source of DP for indoor air. Average anti-DP fractional abundance (f_anti = 0.65 ± 0.04) in all outdoor samples was similar to those reported in other studies and indistinguishable from that of the commercial mixture (f_anti = 0.65). In contrast, a relatively large variation of f_anti values was found in the indoor samples, suggesting a complex degradation process of DP existing in these microenvironments. The calculated average daily doses of ΣDP were in the range of 0.38–2.21 ng/day for people intake through air inhalation, which was in the same order of magnitude compared with other exposure pathways for the general publics.     

CeO_2/三维石墨烯催化臭氧氧化降解刚果红

采用原位氧化还原法制备了三维石墨烯负载型CeO_2催化剂(CeO_2/3D GN),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、比表面积和零电荷点测定等方法对其进行了表征,并考察了CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化降解水中刚果红染料的影响因素。表征结果显示:CeO_2/3D GN具有相互连通的三维网络结构;CeO_2纳米颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯片层中;比表面积为190.89 m~2/g;零电荷点pH_(zpc)为7.36。实验结果表明:CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化体系比单独臭氧氧化体系对刚果红溶液的脱色率提高了60.56百分点;连续5次重复利用CeO_2/3D GN,刚果红溶液脱色率为96.50%~98.00%;在臭氧流量为20 mg/min、催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L、初始溶液pH为7.00的最佳工艺条件下反应15 min,刚果红溶液脱色率可高达94.65%。     

Impact of three different fungicides on fungal epi- and endophytic communities of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and broad bean (Vicia faba)

In this study, the impacts of three different fungicides to fungal phyllosphere communities on broad bean (Vicia faba, Fabaceae) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae) were analyzed. The fungicides included copper, sulfur, and azoxystrobin. The plants were sowed, grown, and treated under conditions occurring in conventional and organic farming. A culture-based approach was used to identify changes in the phyllosphere fungal community after the treatment. Different effects on species richness and growth index of the epiphytic and endophytic communities for common bean and broad bean could be shown. Treatments with sulfur showed the weakest effect, followed by those based on copper and the systemic azoxystrobin, which showed the strongest effect especially on endophytic communities. The epiphytic fungal community took five weeks to recover after treatment with azoxystrobin. However, the effect of azoxystrobin on the endophytic community lasted more than five weeks. Finally, the data suggest that the surface structure of the host leaves have a huge impact on the mode of action that the fungicides exert.     

新标准促进安全鞋“走出去”——GB 21148-2020《足部防护安全鞋》解读

1 标准任务的来源 根据2016年强制性标准整合精简结论,对GB21148-2007《个体防护装备安全鞋》、GB 21147-2007《个体防护装备防护鞋》、GB 21146-2007《个体防护装备职业鞋》、GB 12011-2009《足部防护电绝缘鞋》4项标准提出整合修订,并继续作为强制性标准执行. 2017年12月...     

Kinetics of base-catalyzed dehydrochlorination of hexachlorocyclohexanes: I. Homogeneous systems

Base-catalyzed dehydrochlorination of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was examined at different pH and temperature conditions. No reaction was observed for beta-HCH under all tested conditions likely due to the fact that all chlorines are at the equatorial positions. Highly pH- and temperature-dependent reaction rates were observed for alpha- and gamma-HCH, and pentachlorocyclohexenes (PCCHs) and 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCB) were detected as the intermediates and final products of the transformation of both alpha- and gamma-HCH. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of each step of the reactions were calculated at different T and pH conditions. For the first step, the rate constants were at approximately 0.0005 d-1 in solutions below pH 7.0, and increased by about an order of magnitude per pH unit from pH 7.01 to pH 12.02. The second-order reaction rate constants (kb) of this step were 3.57+/-0.03 and 3.19+/-0.19 M-1 d-1, respectively, and the associated activation energies (Ea) at pH 9.26 were 60.4+/-7.8 and 67.7+/-8.7 kJ mol-1, respectively, for alpha- and gamma-HCH. The rate constants for the formation of 1,2,3-TCB (k21) and 1,2,4-TCB (k22) were 0.0032+/-0.0001 d-1 and 0.051+/-0.003 d-1 from alpha-HCH, and 0.0017+/-0.0001 d-1 and 0.0041+/-0.0002 d-1 from gamma-HCH at pH 8.28 and 25 degrees C. Both k21 and k22 also showed an increase by about one order of magnitude per pH unit from pH 8.28 to pH 12.02. The Ea values were 64.4+/-6.8 and 88.8+/-5.2 kJ mol-1, respectively, for the formation of 1,2,4-TCB and 1,2,3-TCB from alpha-HCH, and 70.6+/-8.7 and 92.0+/-4.9 kJ mol-1, respectively, for the formation of 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-TCB from gamma-HCH at pH 9.26. Data provided by this study may be used for calculation of the percentages of the TCBs formed at different environmental conditions.     

沈阳市环境空气质量天气模式预报方法

应用2003年和2004年6月~8月天气形势资料和同期环境空气自动监测数据进行统计分析,建立夏季天气模式预报方法,同时应用2005年资料进行验证,预报效果较好,环境空气中首要污染物———可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的级别预报准确率、趋势预报准确率和总站发布预报范围准确率分别达到60%、80%和90%,该预报方法可作为业务预报使用。