Exploration of Science Parks

Abstract

Science parks have developed greatly in the world, whereas empirical researches have showed that science parks based on linear model cannot guarantee the creation of innovation. Hi-tech innovation is derived from flow and management of information. The commercial and social interactions between in-parks and off-park firms and research institutions act as the key determinant for innovation. Industrial clustering is the rational choice for further developing Chinese science parks and solving some problems such as the lack of clear major industries and strong innovation sense, etc.     

Exploration of Science Parks

1 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE PARKSThe concept of science park originated in the US. Manyterms are used to describe science parks, such as researchpark, technology park, science centre, research centre,innovation centre, and with various combination of these(MacDonald, 1987). The first science park in the worldis Stanford Industrial Park established in 1951. In 1955,only seven companies were located in the park. By 1980there were ninety companies including Hewlett PackardCompany, whic…     

循环式超声强化光催化降解双酚A

设计了一种循环式超声强化光催化反应器,以TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了超声功率、TiO2加入量、循环液流速和空气流量对双酚A(BPA)降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:超声与光催化过程在循环式超声强化光催化反应器中实现了较好的协同效应;在初始BPA质量浓度为20.0mg/L、超声功率为600W、TiO2加入量为7g/L、循环液流速为4.05×10-2m/s、空气流量为200mL/min的条件下,反应150min后,BPA降解率可达90.5%,溶液中剩余BPA质量浓度仅为1.8mg/L,反应240min后TOC去除率可达84.5%。     

生物滤塔-人工湿地组合工艺对农村生活污水净化效果研究

采用厌氧/射流充氧生物滤塔/人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水,考察了组合工艺及其各处理单元对污染物去除的贡献率。在实验室进行了小试,实验结果表明：该组合工艺对污染物具有较好的去除效果,在稳定工况下,组合工艺对COD、NH4＋-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为85.4%、74.5%、75.9%和78.3%。生物滤塔能有效...     

TiO2/膨润土复合材料对Hg2+的吸附性能研究

利用纳米TiO_2对膨润土进行复合改性,制备TiO_2/膨润土复合材料.采用电镜扫描、X-射线衍射表征改性前后膨润土的结构和形貌.通过室内模拟实验,以膨润土为对照,研究不同添加量、pH、吸附时间及初始Hg~(2+)浓度等条件下,TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附特性与性能,同时通过正交试验,探究TiO_2/膨润土复合材料吸附Hg~(2+)的最优条件.结果表明,改性后的膨润土颗粒明显变小,且颗粒疏松多空孔,层间距增大.相比于膨润土,TiO_2/膨润土复合材料吸附性能得到极大提高.TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附率均随着添加量、pH、吸附时间的增大而增大,添加量为1.5 g·L~(-1)、pH为7.0、吸附时间为120 min时,吸附率达98.0%以上.但TiO_2/膨润土复合材料对Hg~(2+)的吸附率随着初始Hg~(2+)浓度的增大而减小.通过4种动力学模型拟合发现,吸附过程符合假二级动力学方程,吸附以化学吸附为主.吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温方程,属于典型的单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为20.66 mg·g-1.吸附Hg~(2+)的最优实验条件:添加量为2.0 g·L~(-1),pH为8.0,初始Hg~(2+)浓度为45 mg·L~(-1),吸附时间为16 h,此时吸附率99.9%,平衡浓度为0.034 mg·L~(-1).     

岷—沱江汞环境背景值研究

本文介绍了用冷原子荧光法测定岷—沱江原水(总汞)、过滤水(溶解性汞)、悬浮物(悬浮态汞)及沉积物中汞含量。方法检测限为0.004μg/l。经选用W检验、Vistelius置信带法和偏度、峰度法联合进行汞含量分布类型检验,综合判断、研究得出岷—沱江水系河水中汞背景值(总量)为0.25μg/l,汞主要以溶解态存在于水体中,沉积物中汞背景值为0.018mg/kg。岷—沱江水系汞背景值无论与国内各水系还是同世界河流水平相比,均处于相同和较低水平。     

Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.     

Feasibility study of photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor

The photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. It was found that the methylene blue could be degraded more efficiently by photoelectrochemical process than by photocatalytic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation alone. The decolorization efficiency and COD reduction were 95% and 87% for a photoelectrochemical process, respectively, while they were only 78% and 68% for a single electrochemical process and 89% and 71% for a single photochemical process. The TOC reduction of the former also reached as high as about 81% within a reaction time of 30.0 min. And these degradation reactions conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

上海市嘉定县的酸雨现状

叙述了嘉定县1989～1991年酸雨的发展趋势及现状,并扼要分析了成因。     

Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process

An anaerobic-oxic (A/O) biological phosphorus removal reactor was operated to study the effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake. The phosphorus uptake profile was determined under different operating conditions. The results indicated that in addition to oxygen and nitrate (DPB_Na, nitrate denitrifying phosphorus removal), to some extent, nitrite could also serve as an electron acceptor to achieve nitrite denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPB_Ni). The quantity and rate of phosphorus uptake of DPB_Ni, however, were evidently lower than that of DPB_Na. The experiment results revealed that nitrite would bring toxic action to phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) when NO₂ ^?-N ? 93.7 mg/L. The nitrite existing in the anoxic reactor made no difference to the quantity and rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal, but it could reduce the consumption of nitrate. Moreover, the data showed that the aerobic phosphate uptake of DPB_Ni was lower than that of anaerobic phosphorus-released sludge in a traditional A/O process. However, there was not much difference between these two kinds of sludge in terms of the total phosphorus uptake quantity and the effluent quality.