蒽醌系染料废水的3R处理技术进展与展望

综述了近年来蒽醌系酸性、分散和活性染料及其中间体的减量化合成工艺进展．其中包括1-氨基蒽醌溶剂法α-硝化,溴氨酸和1,4-二羟基蒽醌的新合成方法,CI酸性蓝45,分散蓝73的合成新工艺等。同时综述了含蒽醌系染料及其中间体废水的高效处理工艺即无害化与资源化处理方法。进一步对蒽醌系染料的清洁生产和循环经济进行了技术展望．     

基于遗传算法的苏云金芽孢杆菌培养基配方优化

为获取苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacilus thuringiensis)培养基的最优配方,即玉米淀粉、黄豆饼粉、酵母粉、蛋白胨和鱼粉等的最佳配比,运用二次正交回归旋转组合设计安排试验.基于试验数据、背景知识和遗传算法的原理,进一步设计了搜索Bt培养基最优配方的算法,通过该算法搜索出该菌发酵培养基配方的最优解区间.验证性的试验结果和分析表明,基于陔遗传算法的Bt培养基配方优化的方法是有效且优于传统配方优化方法的.     

上海中长期发展的大气环境制约分析

根据上海市大气环境污染物排放状况,以及大气环境质量的有关统计数据,采用Sigmoid模型,对未来的变化趋势进行了预测。并研究了大气环境质量与社会经济发展的关系,进一步分析了上海市大气环境质量对中长期发展的制约因素。最后,对如何改善上海市大气环境质量,提出了相应对策与建议。     

Research on an Online Identification Algorithm for a Thevenin Battery Model by an Experimental Approach

To improve the estimation accuracy of battery’s inner state for battery management system, an online parameters identification algorithm for Thevenin battery model is researched. The Thevenin model and parameters identification algorithm based on recursive least square adaptive filter algorithm was built with the Simulink/xPC Target. The results of hardware-in-loop experiment, which uses Federal Urban Driving Schedule test to verify the parameters identification approach, show the proposed approach can accurately identify the model parameters within 1% maximum terminal voltage estimation error, and the State of Charge error which calculated by the open circuit voltage estimates can be efficiently reduced to 4%.     

秦巴山区浅表层滑坡成灾规律研究

以陕南秦巴山区的紫阳县域为例,通过对全县地质环境与地质灾害的详细调查,总结了浅表层滑坡的时空分布规律,分析了滑坡的各种致滑因素,在此基础上,将滑坡整个发展演化划分为四个阶段,并从破坏形式上将其归纳为两类力学模式和6种表现形式。结果表明,秦巴山区内浅表层滑坡受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文、人类活动等因素影响非常敏感,尤其表现为滑坡灾害与暴雨同期,但受物源条件限制大规模灾害之间存在9~10年的平静期。浅表层滑坡特有的发展演化可划分为表层卸荷阶段、加速风化阶段、风化堆积阶段、浅表层滑坡发生阶段等四个阶段,根据其变形破坏特征归纳为剧滑—平推和蠕滑—拉裂两种力学模式以及6种表现形式。     

Reclaiming the spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials

A process for reclaiming the materials in spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ materials is presented. After dismantling battery cans, the iron cans, covers, electric rods, organic separator, label, sealing materials, and electrolyte are separated through the washing, magnetic separation, filtrating, and sieving operations. Then, the powder residues react with H₂SO₄ (2 mol L^?1) solution to dissolve zinc under a liquid/solid ratio of 3:1 at room temperature, and subsequently, the electrolytic Zn with purity of ?99.8% is recovered in an electrolytic cell with a cathode efficiency of ?85% under the conditions of 37–40 °C and 300 A m^?2. The most of MnO₂ and a small quantity of electrolytic MnO₂ are recovered from the filtration residue and the electrodeposit on the anode of electrolytic cell, respectively. The recovered manganese oxides are used to synthesize LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ material of lithium-ion battery. The as-synthesized LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ discharges 118.3 mAh g^?1 capacity and 4.7 V voltage plateau, which is comparable to the sample synthesized using commercial electrolytic MnO₂. This process can recover the substances in the spent Zn–Mn batteries and innocuously treat the wastewaters, indicating that it is environmentally acceptable and applicable.     

生物强化技术及其在水污染治理中的应用

文章主要介绍了生物强化技术在国内外的研究进展,包括了直接作用、共代谢作用以及基因水平转移作用等三个作用机理;从自然环境筛选、构建基因工程菌、直接购买商业茵剂等三个菌株来源及其生物强化技术在治理高浓度有机废水、脱氮除磷、改善系统污泥特性、降低污泥产量等水污染治理中的应用现状,并对实际应用效果进行评价,对其中的主要控制参数和应用失败的原因也进行了探索,并提出了生物强化技术的展望.生物强化系统在应用上表现出了很好的应用前景,是生化处理今后的研究重点与方向之一.     

地震应急指挥系统的预计算与过程自动化管理

预计算旨在震时特殊情况下能及时为指挥决策者提供震害快速评估结果。在现有区域版地震应急指挥技术系统的基础上,对目标区域进行网格划分,设定地震发生点的位置和震级大小,获取设定点的震害评估结果和辅助决策信息,并将计算结果存到本地磁盘。计算过程完全通过自动监控和管理实现。这些结果在震时网络中断、系统崩溃情况下,可根据实际情况修改为最接近实际地震的震中和震级的评估结果,为指挥者提供决策参考信息。     

Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.     

基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展

对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术存在的问题进行了简单分析,然后对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术不同工段的处理新技术进行了简单介绍,最后分析了今后基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展方向。