Research on an Online Identification Algorithm for a Thevenin Battery Model by an Experimental Approach

To improve the estimation accuracy of battery’s inner state for battery management system, an online parameters identification algorithm for Thevenin battery model is researched. The Thevenin model and parameters identification algorithm based on recursive least square adaptive filter algorithm was built with the Simulink/xPC Target. The results of hardware-in-loop experiment, which uses Federal Urban Driving Schedule test to verify the parameters identification approach, show the proposed approach can accurately identify the model parameters within 1% maximum terminal voltage estimation error, and the State of Charge error which calculated by the open circuit voltage estimates can be efficiently reduced to 4%.     

秦巴山区浅表层滑坡成灾规律研究

以陕南秦巴山区的紫阳县域为例,通过对全县地质环境与地质灾害的详细调查,总结了浅表层滑坡的时空分布规律,分析了滑坡的各种致滑因素,在此基础上,将滑坡整个发展演化划分为四个阶段,并从破坏形式上将其归纳为两类力学模式和6种表现形式。结果表明,秦巴山区内浅表层滑坡受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文、人类活动等因素影响非常敏感,尤其表现为滑坡灾害与暴雨同期,但受物源条件限制大规模灾害之间存在9~10年的平静期。浅表层滑坡特有的发展演化可划分为表层卸荷阶段、加速风化阶段、风化堆积阶段、浅表层滑坡发生阶段等四个阶段,根据其变形破坏特征归纳为剧滑—平推和蠕滑—拉裂两种力学模式以及6种表现形式。     

Reclaiming the spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials

A process for reclaiming the materials in spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ materials is presented. After dismantling battery cans, the iron cans, covers, electric rods, organic separator, label, sealing materials, and electrolyte are separated through the washing, magnetic separation, filtrating, and sieving operations. Then, the powder residues react with H₂SO₄ (2 mol L^?1) solution to dissolve zinc under a liquid/solid ratio of 3:1 at room temperature, and subsequently, the electrolytic Zn with purity of ?99.8% is recovered in an electrolytic cell with a cathode efficiency of ?85% under the conditions of 37–40 °C and 300 A m^?2. The most of MnO₂ and a small quantity of electrolytic MnO₂ are recovered from the filtration residue and the electrodeposit on the anode of electrolytic cell, respectively. The recovered manganese oxides are used to synthesize LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ material of lithium-ion battery. The as-synthesized LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ discharges 118.3 mAh g^?1 capacity and 4.7 V voltage plateau, which is comparable to the sample synthesized using commercial electrolytic MnO₂. This process can recover the substances in the spent Zn–Mn batteries and innocuously treat the wastewaters, indicating that it is environmentally acceptable and applicable.     

生物强化技术及其在水污染治理中的应用

文章主要介绍了生物强化技术在国内外的研究进展,包括了直接作用、共代谢作用以及基因水平转移作用等三个作用机理;从自然环境筛选、构建基因工程菌、直接购买商业茵剂等三个菌株来源及其生物强化技术在治理高浓度有机废水、脱氮除磷、改善系统污泥特性、降低污泥产量等水污染治理中的应用现状,并对实际应用效果进行评价,对其中的主要控制参数和应用失败的原因也进行了探索,并提出了生物强化技术的展望.生物强化系统在应用上表现出了很好的应用前景,是生化处理今后的研究重点与方向之一.     

地震应急指挥系统的预计算与过程自动化管理

预计算旨在震时特殊情况下能及时为指挥决策者提供震害快速评估结果。在现有区域版地震应急指挥技术系统的基础上,对目标区域进行网格划分,设定地震发生点的位置和震级大小,获取设定点的震害评估结果和辅助决策信息,并将计算结果存到本地磁盘。计算过程完全通过自动监控和管理实现。这些结果在震时网络中断、系统崩溃情况下,可根据实际情况修改为最接近实际地震的震中和震级的评估结果,为指挥者提供决策参考信息。     

Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.     

基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展

对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术存在的问题进行了简单分析,然后对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术不同工段的处理新技术进行了简单介绍,最后分析了今后基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展方向。     

阳泉市煤矸石中氟的赋存形态分析

氟是人体和其他动物的必需元素,氟过量和氟缺乏都会影响到人体健康.本文以山西省阳泉市阳煤集团长期堆置的煤矸石为研究对象,对煤矸石中氟浓度水平和氟的形态分配进行了研究.结果表明:研究区煤矸石中全氟含量平均值为364.87 mg/kg,远高于200 mg/kg的全球土壤氟含量平均水平;不同岩性的煤矸石中全氟含量(平均值)的排序为泥质砂岩＞砂质泥岩＞泥岩＞砂岩＞石膏岩;煤矸石中不同形态氟的含量排序为残余态＞无定形铁铝结合态＞有机结合态＞水溶态＞可交换态＞结晶铁铝结合态.     

Selecting low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, Delphi method was used to evaluate the low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake...     

A critical review on the application of biochar in environmental pollution remediation: Role of persistent free radicals (PFRs)

Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability. However, there are abundant persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar, so the direct and indirect PFRs-mediated removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochar was widely reported. In order to comprehend deeply the formation of PFRs in biochar and their interactions with contaminants, this paper reviews the formation mechanisms of PFRs in biochar and the PFRs-mediated environmental applications of biochar in recent years. Finally, future challenges in this field are also proposed. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding on the emerging applications of biochar from the viewpoint of the catalytic role of PFRs.