污水处理厂各工艺阶段多环芳烃变化规律研究

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器联用技术(SPE-GC/FID),对西安市某污水处理厂不同工艺段水体中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量进行了长期监测。结果表明,原水中有13种PAHs检出,按浓度从大到小排序分别为:萘、菲、芴、芘、艹屈、二氢苊、苊、蒽、苯并(a)蒽、荧蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘;原水中PAHs的总量在477.1~3 067.7 ng/L之间,平均值为1 833.1 ng/L,同国内外报道的结果相比,可认为西安市生活污水中PAHs的含量处于中等水平;二级处理工艺对PAHs有较好的去除效果,平均去除率为79%,其中,生物处理单元的贡献最大,去除率达到68%。     

Accumulation of Am by suspended matter, diatoms and aquatic weeds of the Yenisei River

In this work we experimentally estimated the capacities of the key components of the Yenisei River (Russia): particulate suspended matter (seston), diatom microalgae, and submerged macrophytes for accumulating ²⁴¹Am from water. In our experiments large particles of seston (>8 μm), comparable in size with diatoms, took up most of americium from water. The accumulation of americium by isolated diatom algae (Asterionella formosa and Diatoma vulgare) was lower than by total seston. The concentration factors (CFs) of ²⁴¹Am for seston of the Yenisei River in our experiments were (2.8-6.9)·10⁵; for diatoms - (1.5-4.2)·10⁴. The CFs for aquatic plant Elodea canadensis were within the same order of magnitude as those for diatoms. Activity concentration and CFs of ²⁴¹Am were nearly the same in experiments under dark and light conditions. This is indicative of an energy independent mechanism of americium uptake from the water by diatoms and submerged macrophytes.     

油气长输管道工程环境影响评价特点浅析

文章介绍了长输管道工程建设内容,重点论述长输管道工程特点以及对环境影响的特点,提出环境影响评价的重点和评价方法,并对目前该类建设项目环境影响评价中存在的问题提出改进建议。     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants using TiO2 film electrodes: an overview

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology involved applying an electrical bias to a TiO₂ film electrode, has been widely applied to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants, owing to its high degradation efficiency. This paper reviews recent developments in the PEC degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants using a TiO₂ film electrode. The preparation and application of various TiO₂ film electrodes have been investigated, as well as the parameters that influence PEC activity such as the crystal structure, the film thickness and substrate material, the applied electrical bias, the solution pH and conductivity. The improvement of PEC activity by doping the TiO₂ film electrode with metal and non-metal ions has been discussed. The mechanism and kinetics for the PEC degradation of organic pollutants have also been highlighted.     

烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率影响的仿真研究

应用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型对影响电除尘器内部气流分布的烟气含尘浓度、烟气湿度、粉尘粒径及真密度等因素进行了数值仿真。分析了烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率的影响。由于在仿真过程中考虑了烟气特性和粉尘性质等因素,不仅可获得各因素对气流分布均匀性的影响,而且仿真结果更能反映电除尘器气流分布的实际情况。提出的烟气和粉尘性质仿真方法可以为电除尘器除尘效率分析提供新的途径。     

芘降解菌DY-1的条件优化及降解动力学特性分析

选用已筛选出以芘为唯一碳源的假单胞菌DY-1(Pseudomonas sp.)作为芘降解菌,采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对菌DY-1降解芘效率的影响以及降解动力学特性。结果表明,在含芘50 mg/L的条件下培养9 d,降解率达83.2%。最适宜温度为30℃,pH值为7.5,摇床转速为120 r/min,接种量为1.5 mL;在不同培养条件下芘的降解符合一级动力学模型;低浓度Zn2+,Cd2+,Cr6+的存在对芘降解效果影响较小,Cu2+,Pb2+对芘的降解有较强的毒性;加入低浓度有机物质,蔗糖可提高DY-1芘的降解;低浓度萘或蒽的存在可促进芘的降解。     

双循环垂直筛板喷射鼓泡脱硫塔的吸收性能

设计了一种中试规模的双循环垂直筛板喷射鼓泡脱硫塔,该塔由直径分别为600 mm和150 mm的两套垂直筛板结构组成双循环。一级循环采用了一块下端开有栅孔的大直径垂直筛板,二级循环则采用了上端开有栅孔的小直径垂直筛板。两级垂直筛板上的布气栅孔均可埋入吸收液下,使塔内的气液混合处于喷射鼓泡吸收状态。研究了小直径垂直筛板埋入深度分别对单独采用二级循环和采用双循环时装置脱硫效率的影响。单独采用二级循环,在保持脱硫液pH值和烟气SO2浓度一致的情况下,小直径垂直筛板的液位高度为220 mm时(喷射鼓泡操作方式)比液位高度为80 mm时(即典型小直径垂直筛板操作方式)的脱硫效率高40%左右。采用双循环操作模式时,小直径垂直筛板液位高度为220 mm时(喷射鼓泡操作方式)比液位高度为80 mm时(即典型小垂直筛板操作方式)的总脱硫效率高30%左右。     

钢铁产业生态化设计与政策选择

钢铁产业是国民经济重要的支柱产业,也是典型的高能耗、高排放、高污染产业。钢铁产业生态化设计与政策选择是落实科学发展观,推动生态文明建设,加快转变经济发展方式的必然要求。以烧结(球团)、焦化、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢工序中节能减排、污染防治和落后生产能力淘汰为重点,以环境影响评价为导向,基于钢铁全生产流程物质流分析,融入循环经济和清洁生产理念,以新型节能清洁工艺技术、装备技术和仿真、信息化技术的开发应用为切入点,融入生态文明、循环经济和清洁生产理念,完善钢铁生态产业链,加强资源综合利用,强化生态技术创新。本文从市场引导、政策促进、环境监管、技术创新、过程控制、内部循环、外部联合、责任延伸、行业自律、公众参与等10个层面,构建促进钢铁产业生态化的政策体系,充分发挥政府、企业、行业、中介组织、金融机构和社会公众的作用,在规划、机制和技术层次上全面落实钢铁产业生态化政策,全面推动我国钢铁产业的转型升级和绿色发展。