Effects of soil warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings北大核心CSCD

Warming and nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly affect the plant-soil element cycle under global change. To examine the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents, and their stoichiometric ratios in Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings, four types of treatments were assigned: control (CT), warming (W, + 4 ºC), nitrogen deposition (N, 40 kg ha-1 a-1), and warming + nitrogen deposition (WN) treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased leaf P content by 54.54% and increased leaf C/P and N/P by 85.26% and 83.39%, respectively; WN treatment significantly decreased leaf C content and P content by 1.99% and 51.03%, respectively, but increased the leaf C/P by 68.01% with no significant differences in leaf N content among treatments. The leaf N/P ratio of each treatment was less than 10, but that of the W and WN treatments were closer to 10 than that of the CT treatment. Meanwhile, W and WN treatments significantly increased tree height. (2) No significant differences were observed in soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents among treatments. Compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased soil C/N by 4.09%, while neither W nor WN treatment affected soil C/P and N/P. W treatment increased the available soil content compared to CT treatment. (3) The correlation analysis showed that leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil C/N in the CT treatment; in the W treatment leaf N content and N/P were significantly positively correlated with soil TN and TP content, respectively. Leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil TC and TN in the N treatment, and leaf contents had no significant correlation with soil C, N, and P contents or their stoichiometric characteristics in the WN treatment. This study showed that N limitation still exists in C. lanceolata saplings. Warming and the interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition could alleviate N limitation and promote the growth of C. lanceolata. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

水体系中官能化多壁碳纳米管光致活性氧研究

采用间歇超声法制得水体稳定分散的羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-OH)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-COOH)悬浮液,并考察了它们在氙灯光照下产生活性氧(ROS)的能力.分别以呋喃醇和对氯苯甲酸为鉴定单重态氧(1O2)和羟基自由基(·OH)的分子探针,测得浓度为mgC·L-1级的碳纳米管悬浮液在模拟阳光辐射下生成1O2和·OH的稳态浓度分别可达10-14 mol·L-1和10-15 mol·L-1.MWNT-OH和MWNT-COOH生成1O2能力接近,但MWNT-OH光致产生·OH能力高于MWNT-COOH.增加碳纳米管浓度(0.8—8 mgC·L-1)可以提高光致活性氧的稳态浓度.     

Global total ozone dynamics

An overview of the ozone issues is given including the following aspects: 1. The impact of tropospheric ozone on climate as a greenhouse gas (GHG), 2. Solar activity effects on TO and ozone concentration vertical profiles in both the troposphere and stratosphere (in cases of solar radiation absorption by the stratosphere, an unexpected problem arises via a coupling between processes of increased absorption due to “bursts” of solar activity and an enhanced destruction of ozone molecules due to the same increase resulting in weakening UV radiation absorption) and 3. Surface ozone concentration variations under conditions of polluted urban atmospheres which lead to episodes of photochemical smog formation (dangerous for human health).     

阿油槽岩溶塌陷浅析

文章阐述分析了阿油槽地区岩溶塌陷的水文地质背景,对该地区产生岩溶塌陷的基本条件、诱发因素及形成过程进行了分析,并针对其具体情况提出了岩溶防治及治理的措施.     

毛乌素沙地农业生态系统SEREn协调发展的时序测度

基于协调发展理论,构建农业生态系统社会、经济、资源和环境（简称SEREn）的发展度、承载力、协调发展度动态模型及其综合判定法则,通过在毛乌素沙地偏农区的榆阳区与偏牧区的乌审旗运用该模型,得到：①近27a两地发展度、承载力及协调发展度基本上均沿时间序列增加;②SE与REn协调发展的类型也均逐渐趋于更高水平;③农牧业产业结构逐渐由以资源环境消耗为主的资源密集型向以资金、科技利用为主的技术密集型转变;④受人类活动强度与农业生态系统开放性的影响,榆阳区与乌审旗SEREn的承载力和发展度产生了相应时序演变特征,使得SE与REn协调发展状况也发生相应变化。通过对SE与REn协调发展状况的综合判定,能够探查同时满足一定时段内社会经济发展要求和资源环境状况的关键因子,使资源环境的开发利用能够促进社会经济的发展,而社会经济的发展又为资源环境的保护与恢复提供更多的支撑。为构建资源节约型、环境友好型农业社会经济体系,促使SE与REn趋于高水平协调发展提供方法与理论借鉴。     

基于环境风险的危险废物填埋场安全寿命周期评价

通过系统分析危险填埋场的设计功能,结合安全寿命周期的定义,对危险废物填埋场的安全寿命周期进行了定义.在此基础上,通过文献查阅和理论推导确定了描述危险废物填埋场主要单元性能衰减的老化模型,并结合课题组开发的渗漏环境风险分析模型,建立了危险废物填埋场的安全寿命评估模型,并选择中部某危险废物填埋场进行了案例研究.结果表明:随着防渗材料老化以及导排层淤堵,渗滤液渗漏量将逐渐增加,其安全贮存功能将逐渐丧失,并逐渐达到其安全寿命周期.仅就本案例而言,该填埋场的安全寿命周期为385a;对安全寿命周期相关参数的敏感性分析表明,浸出浓度与填埋场安全寿命周期呈负相关,包气带厚度和含水层厚度与安全寿命周期呈正相关,相关系数分别为-0.79、0.99和0.72,这说明包气带厚度对安全寿命周期影响更大,其次为浸出浓度,最后为含水层厚度;应加强填埋场相关单元老化模型研究,开展其他因素对填埋场安全寿命周期的影响,进一步完善危险废物填埋场安全寿命周期评价理论和方法.     

滨海城市气溶胶中颗粒态汞的分布特征

与气溶胶颗粒相结合的汞,即颗粒态汞,不仅对人体健康及生态环境产生一定的危害,而且在汞的生物地球化学过程扮演重要角色.以我国东南滨海城市厦门市为研究对象,采集郊区、居民区、旅游区、工业区和背景区四季(2008年10月～2009年8月)的PM2.5、PM10和TSP样品,基于塞曼原子吸收法的俄罗斯LumexRA-915+汞分析仪对大气不同粒径颗粒物中颗粒态汞进行了测试.结果表明,厦门市大气不同粒径颗粒物中汞的含量均表现为冬、春两季的浓度明显高于夏、秋两季;春、夏、秋、冬四季细颗粒物(PM2.5)中的含量分别为(51.46±19.28)、(42.41±12.74)、(38.38±6.08)和(127.23±33.70)pg/m3.不同粒径颗粒物中汞主要分布在PM2.5中,占到颗粒物态汞的42.48%～67.87%,表明细粒子富集汞的能力较强.不同功能区颗粒态汞的浓度分布趋势为背景区居民区旅游区工业区郊区,说明颗粒态汞浓度的空间分布特征与采样点的环境功能密切相关.总体而言,滨海城市大气颗粒态汞含量较低;PM2.5对颗粒态汞的富集明显高于PM10和TSP,表明对颗粒态汞的控制应集中在细颗粒物污染上.     

瑶湖湖泊水质监测点的优化布设研究

文章采用2010年全年瑶湖水质监测指标的月分析数据,利用物元分析法和动态贴近度法对瑶湖监测点的布设进行了优化分析。研究结果表明,2种方法对瑶湖监测点布设优化后,将原有的14个监测点减至9个监测点,且2种方法优化后所得到的结果基本相同,这为提高监测工作的效率提供了理论上的依据,具有较重要的实践意义。     

危废填埋场导排层淤堵的时空分布特征

导排层淤堵导致的渗滤液水位过高是引发危险废物填埋场环境安全事故的主要原因之一,研究危险废物填埋场导排层淤堵规律,揭示其时空变化特征和主要影响因素具有重要的意义.本研究采用重庆某危险废物填埋场渗滤液原样作为导排流体,以卵石为导排颗粒,选择垂向Column装置模拟实际危险废物填埋场的淤堵特征和规律.对无反滤层装置的淤堵实验研究表明:时间上,导排层淤堵呈现出明显的阶段特征,初期(0~2 个月)孔隙度较为稳定,中期(3~4月)孔隙度缓慢下降,后期(5~6月)孔隙度急剧下降;空间上,越靠近入水口(0~10cm),淤堵越严重;时间越长不同高度处淤堵差异越明显.对不同反滤层装置淤堵的比较研究表明:反滤层的存在有利于控制淤堵物的产生,且土工布反滤层的效果好于细颗粒反滤层;反滤层存在条件下,导排系统的整体导排能力下降(60cm水头压力下的导排流量仅为无反滤层条件下的1/2).因此在导排层上方安置反滤层时需谨慎考虑.