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以国家生态文明试验区(贵州)作为研究区,以植被覆盖度(FVC)作为研究对象,基于2000~2019年的NDVI数据分析了贵州省近20年FVC的时空演变特征,利用地理探测器方法识别并量化了经济持续增速下维持植被恢复的主要驱动力,结果表明:(1)近20年来贵州省FVC整体呈增加趋势,FVC分布整体水平较高,主要以中等、中高和高度覆盖为主,三者面积占比之和约为89.7%,年均增长率为0.52%,平均FVC为0.53.(2)近20年来贵州省FVC变化趋势以轻微改善、基本不变为主,两者面积占比之和为68.94%,改善区域面积占比为57.93%,西部区域得到明显改善和提升,退化区域主要集中在城镇周边,总体动态变化趋于稳定且向好改善.(3)FVC空间分布格局演变深受人类活动与自然环境因子的双重影响,且人类活动对于植被恢复的驱动作用更强,国内生产总值(GDP)和降水是经济持续增速下维持植被恢复的人类活动与自然环境因子主导驱动力.(4)积极推动产业结构优化升级、大力推进第三产业快速发展以及不断贯彻落实退耕还林还草政策等积极的人类活动为贵州省实现经济增速与植被恢复协调发展的“双赢”局面做出了巨大贡献. 相似文献
775.
Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces: study in Beijing and Fuxin of China 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu (copper) feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow's feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied. 相似文献
776.
Hybrid constructed wetlands for highly polluted river water treatment and comparison of surface- and subsurface-flow cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A series of large pilot constructed wetland (CW) systems were constructed near the confluence of an urban stream to a larger fiver in Xi'an, a northwestern megacity in China, for treating polluted stream water before it entered the receiving water body. Each CW system is a combination of surface- and subsurface-flow cells with local gravel, sand or slag as substrates and Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis as plants. During a one-year operation with an average surface loading of 0.053 m3/(m2.day), the overall COD, BOD, NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removals were 72.7% ~ 4.5%, 93.4% + 2.1%, 54.0% + 6.3%, 53.9% ~ 6.0% and 69.4% :t: 4.6%, respectively, which brought about an effective improvement of the fiver water quality. Surface-flow cells showed better NH3-N removal than their TN removal while subsurface-flow cells showed better TN removal than their NH3-N removal. Using local slag as the substrate, the organic and phosphorus removal could be much improved. Seasonal variation was also found in the removal of all the pollutants and autumn seemed to be the best season for pollutant removal due to the moderate water temperature and well grown plants in the CWs. 相似文献
777.
通过正交实验,研究pH值、反应时间、锰砂投加量和锰砂改性时间等因素对Mn2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在25℃,吸附反应体系pH=9,锰砂投加量为15 g/L,吸附时间为30 min,锰砂的高锰酸钾改性时间为36 h时,改性锰砂对锰的吸附去除率最高,达到了99.99%。四因素的影响顺序为:pH>反应时间>锰砂投加量>锰砂改性时间。在单因素实验中,当pH=7,吸附剂投加量为25 g/L时,经60 min可达吸附平衡,锰的去除率为60.04%,其等温吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型,并且与Langmuir模型的拟合程度更高。本研究还对改性锰砂吸附除锰的机理做了初步探讨。 相似文献
778.
Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Haicang District in Xiamen City, Southeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Niu Z Zhang H Xu Y Liao X Xu L Chen J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(4):1145-1152
The compositions, spatial distributions, seasonal variations and ozone formation potential (OFP) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the atmosphere of Haicang District, Xiamen City, Southeast China. Twenty-four types of VOCs were measured in this study, and ethanol, methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol were the abundant species based on concentration rank. The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) in industrial areas were higher than those in residential and administrative areas and background site. For industrial areas, the TVOCs concentrations in summer were higher than those in winter, which might result from higher emissions from industrial activities because of stronger evaporation in summer. In contrast, non-industrial areas showed higher concentrations in winter due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions. The spatial distribution of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) followed the order of industrial areas > residential and administrative areas > background site, and the concentrations in summer were lower than those in winter for most sites. The high ratios (8.9-14.0) of T/B in this study indicated that industrial emissions were the main sources in this district. X/B ratios were used to assess the ages of air parcels and provided evidence of the transport of air parcels among these sites. Total OFP (TOFP) showed the trend of increase with the increase of TVOCs, and toluene was found as the major contributor to TOFP. 相似文献
779.
中国的垃圾填埋场目前多采用高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE)进行覆盖,已建成的填埋场均存在不同程度覆盖膜破损现象。采用填埋气泄漏可视化检测技术对中国东部某大型生活垃圾填埋场开展覆盖膜完整性检测,揭示了覆盖膜破损特征及破损成因,明确了破损点泄漏量,评估了其温室效应影响,梳理了国内外填埋场覆盖层监管相关管理规定和措施。结果表明:尖锐物体应力损伤导致的破损是填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要类型,粗放施工、监管机制不足、维护管理不到位是造成填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要原因。破损点的甲烷泄漏量约为817.2 m3/d,约合每年向大气环境释放温室气体超过4 900 t CO2-eq。完善填埋场污染控制标准和技术规范、加强填埋场覆盖膜完整性的监管,是控制填埋场温室气体排放和推进固废处置设施碳减排的重要举措。 相似文献
780.
通过液相色谱分析聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)在环境水样和土样中的降解率,以及降解产物谷氨酸的生成量,研究γ-PGA在环境中的降解特性。研究表明:γ-PGA在环境水样中的降解较慢,10d后,0.5%γ-PGA在鱼塘水样中仅降解了1.6%,谷氨酸的含量也仅为120mg/kg。γ-PGA在环境土样中降解明显,γ-PGA在土壤中放置20d,仅保存了7.6%,而谷氨酸含量达到了3.2mg/g土样。γ-PGA在灭菌土壤中降解的半衰期是未灭菌土壤的3.7倍,这说明γ-PGA在环境土样中的降解主要是微生物的作用。从土壤中分离的γ-PGA生产菌株B. subtilis CCTCC202048能降解γ-PGA,通过PCR扩增从该菌株中得到了γ-PGA降解酶基因。该研究将为γ-PGA在环境中的使用奠定理论基础。 相似文献