对城市雨水地下回灌的分析

城市扩张带来雨水径量增大,排出时间缩短并由此产生一系列后果,对城区雨水回灌地区的效益进行了讨论,分析城区雨水径流水质污污状况及其影响因素,初期雨水径流污染严重,主要受到地面条件,屋面材料,气温,降雨量及降雨强度等影响,根据对雨水水质的研究结果,分析了雨水回灌地下的条件及必要的雨水处理措施,对雨水回灌技术作了简略的论述。     

差示分光光度法在水质监测中的应用

通过测定高浓度氨氮标准品(GSBZ20005—88)的试验,验证了差示分光光度法在测定高浓度样品时的准确度和精密度,说明差示分光光度法在一定情况下能减少多次稀释所带来的误差,可以快速测定高浓度样品。     

Reduction and immobilization of chromium(VI) by nano-scale Fe0 particles supported on reproducible PAA/PVDF membrane

A new class of nano-scale Fe0 particles (NZVI) supported on a PAA/PVDF membrane (NZVI-PAA/PVDF) were synthesized and the feasibility of using NZVI-PAA/PVDF for reductive immobilization of Cr(VI) in water was investigated through laboratory batch tests. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal capacity of NZVI-PAA/PVDF was 181 mg Cr/g Fe at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L(-1) under pH 6.5 +/- 0.1. XPS results showed that Cr(VI) was converted to nontoxic Cr(III). Interfering ions exerted various degrees of impact on NZVI-PAA/PVDF's Cr(VI) removal capacity. Specifically, Ca2+ alone showed the mildest impact while the presence of ions (Mg2+ and HCO3-) exerted the greatest impact. An advantage of NZVI-PAA/PVDF is that the nano-scale Fe0 and resultant particles were combined within a PAA/PVDF membrane, which prevents secondary pollution. Moreover, a piece of PAA/PVDF membrane (4.7 cm diameter) can still support 6.51 mg of nano-scale Fe0 particles after being renewed.     

Composition, sources, and potential toxicology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

Surface soil (0–20 cm) samples (n?=?143) were collected from vegetable, maize, and paddy farmland used for commercial crops in Liaoning, China. Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in US Environmental Protection Agency were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. The soil concentrations of the 16 PAH ranged from 50 to 3,309 ng/g with a mean of 388 ng/g. The highest concentration of total PAHs found in soil of the vegetable farmland was 448 ng/g in average, followed by maize and paddy with total PAHs of 391 and 331 ng/g, respectively. Generally, the low molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than the high molecular weight PAHs in most of the soils. The evaluation of soil PAH contamination based on the Canadian criterion indicated that only naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were over the target values in several sampling sites. Isomer pair ratios and principal component analysis indicated that biomass and coal combustion were the main sources of PAHs in this area. And the average value of total B[a]Peq concentration in vegetable soils was higher than paddy and maize soils. We suggest that biomass burning should be abolished and commercial farming should be carried out far from the highways to ensure the safety of food products derived from commercial farming.     

碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬

分析了汞滴尺寸、支持电介质等因素对碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法检出限为7.65μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=7)为4.6%。以2个样品为例,每个浓度进行6次平行测定,加入六价铬浓度为10μg/L,六价铬的回收率为91.4%~120%,RSD≤5%。与二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法进行比较,2种方法测定值基本一致。     

文物保存环境调湿净化一体化装置的效果评价

相对湿度是文物保存环境的一个极其重要的参数,NOx耦合水分对于文物的破坏性很大。在前期开发的空气净化器的基础上,研究了空气净化和湿度调节系统集成技术和参数,考察了空气净化器各单元对NOx的去除率,并评价了流量和相对湿度的影响,结果发现不同净化单元的设置合理有效。相对湿度低的情况下,氮氧化物去除率较高,达到96%以上,但在相对湿度较高的情况下则降低为66%。将空气净化器串联了调湿装置后,发现调湿器调湿效果显著,在各种环境湿度的情况下能有效的保持展柜的湿度。但在降湿效果上有待提高,调湿器的结构以及参数需要进一步优化。     

Persistence of the herbicide butachlor in soil after repeated applications and its effects on soil microbial functional diversity

Effects of repeated applications of the herbicide butachlor (N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro -N-2′,6′-dimethyl acetanilide) in soil on its persistence and soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of butachlor at the recommended dosage in soil were calculated to be 12.5, 4.5, and 3.2 days for the first, second, and third applications, respectively. Throughout this study, no significant inhibition of the Shannon-Wiener index H′ was observed. However, the Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) during the initial 3 days after the first application of butachlor, and thereafter gradually recovered to a similar level to that of the control soil. A similar variation but faster recovery in 1/D and U was observed after the second and third Butachlor applications. Therefore, repeated applications of butachlor led to more rapid degradation of the herbicide, and more rapid recovery of soil microorganisms. It is concluded that repeated butachlor applications in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial communities.     

长江八里江江段的江豚种群数量与分布

长江八里江江段是长江江豚最为重要的栖息地之一。2005年7月至2008年5月,在八里江江段先后进行了10次截线抽样法考察,调查了该水域的江豚种群数量和分布情况。考察总航程1 460.2 km,发现江豚374群次。根据动物密度,将考察区域划分为上游水域（九江 湖口）和下游水域（湖口 三号洲洲头）,分别分析。分析结果显示,上下游水域的多次考察密度平均值分别为0.67头/km2（范围：0.10~1.28头/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.41）和1.75头/km2（范围：0.62~3.0头/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.72）,数量平均值分别37头（范围：5~71头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=23）和52头（范围：22~78头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=17）。八里江江段江豚常年平均数量约为90头,不同考察季节数量有所波动（范围：44~121头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=24）。与历史考察对比分析显示八里江江段江豚仍处于下降趋势,但该研究未能在3年考察期内监测到统计学意义的种群变动情况。根据动物数量波动幅度和发生时间推测,江豚在汛期至汛末的过渡时期,可能存在一次规模为40头左右的动物迁出过程。面对日益严重的人类威胁,如挖沙、非法渔业、航运、污染和水面设施建设等,建议在该江段尽快建立江豚自然保护区     

Microcalorimetric studies of perchlorate on heat production by hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from Carassius auratus

As a new threat to environment all through the world, perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) was predominantly a thyrotoxin, and its toxic manifestations in non-thyroid were also documented. However, little is known about the effects of ClO(4)(-) on cell and organelle. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ClO(4)(-) on hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from Carassius auratus from the direct viewpoint of energy by using the microcalorimetric method. The metabolic thermogenic curves of hepatocytes and mitochondria at 25°C were obtained. And the thermokinetic parameters, such as growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), maximum thermal power (P(max)) and total thermal effect (Q(total)) have been calculated. The results indicated that the toxicity of ClO(4)(-) on hepatocytes was relevant to the concentration of ClO(4)(-). However, 10-100mgL(-1)ClO(4)(-) stimulated the metabolic activity of mitochondria and the toxicity of ClO(4)(-) on mitochondria only occurrenced when treated with higher concentration of ClO(4)(-). This study shown that mitochondria has a major impact on the metabolic thermogenic of hepatocytes, but not the only factor. Meanwhile, it demonstrated that microcalorimetry was a powerful tool for understanding biological processes and studying on the toxic action of environmental contaminants in cell or subcellular level.     

Characterization of the properties of thermoplastic elastomers containing waste rubber tire powder

The aim of this research was to recycle waste rubber tires by using powdering technology and treating the waste rubber tire powder with bitumen. It has been proven that the elongation at break, thermal stability and processing flowability of composites of polypropylene (PP), waste rubber tire powder (WRT) and bitumen composites are better than those of PP/WRT composite. A comparative study has been made to evaluate the influence of bitumen content and different compatibilizers on the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites, using a universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a capillary rheometer. The results suggested that the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites were dependent on the bitumen content and the kind of compatibilizer used.