怀柔山地油松林氮、磷、硫生物--地球化学循环的研究

海河流域怀柔山地油松林生态系统N,P,S元素生物地球化学循环研究结果表明,生态系统氮素输入输出基本平衡。氮素、磷素在未来一段时间内将在植物凋落层中累积,硫则在凋落物层、土壤中累积。这种情况形成了城市郊区森林生态系统元素循环的独特特性。     

Removal of heavy metals and arsenic from a co-contaminated soil by sieving combined with washing process

Batch experiments were conducted with a heavy metals and arsenic co-contaminated soil from an abandoned mine to evaluate the feasibility of a remediation technology that combines sieving with soil washing.Leaching of the arsenic and heavy metals from the different particle size fractions was found to decrease in the order: 0.1,2–0.1,and 2 mm.With increased contact time,the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate was significantly decreased for small particles,probably because of adsorption by the clay soil component.For the different particle sizes,the removal efficiencies for Pb and Cd were75%–87%,and 61%–77% for Zn and Cu,although the extent of removal was decreased for As and Cr at 45%.The highest efficiency by washing for Pb,Cd,Zn,and As was from the soil particles 2 mm,although good metal removal efficiencies were also achieved in the small particle size fractions.Through SEM-EDS observations and correlation analysis,the leaching regularity of the heavy metals and arsenic was found to be closely related to Fe,Mn,and Ca contents of the soil fractions.The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by sieving combined with soil washing was proven to be efficient,and practical remediation parameters were also recommended.     

Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.     

细胞分裂素类物质对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量的影响

采用水培试验,研究了镉胁迫下喷施细胞分裂素类物质6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和激动素(KT)对玉米幼苗生长、叶片叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、植株镉含量和活性氧清除酶活性的影响.结果表明,与单纯镉胁迫相比,喷施6-BA和KT提高了玉米幼苗的生物量、根和地上部镉含量、叶绿素和脯氨酸含量,降低了叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量,促进了叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的升高,但对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响不明显.说明细胞分裂素类物质6-BA和KT可缓解镉胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害,其机制可能与细胞分裂素物质能维持叶绿素稳定、刺激细胞内H2O2清除酶类活性及促进脯氨酸积累有关.当6-BA浓度在0～20mg·L-1之间时,其对玉米幼苗镉胁迫的缓解效应随喷施浓度的提高而增强,而KT的最适喷施浓度为70mg·L-1.     

传统活性污泥法处理城市污水过程中重金属的变化研究

研究了污水处理厂传统活性污泥工艺不同处理工段污水和污泥中Cu、 Zn、 Pb、 Cd、 Hg和As含量变化及其在污水中的形态分布特征,进一步了解重金属在不同处理工段的去除情况.整个工艺流程污水中Hg的去除率最大,平均达76.4%,Pb的去除率最小,平均为29.7%.不同处理工段各重金属去除率差异较大,从进水到初沉池出水Zn去除率最大,平均达55.4%,其次为Hg和Cu,平均去除率分别为40.0%与34.2%;由初沉池出水到二沉池出水Cd、Hg和Cu平均去除率达36.1%～38.5%.进水、初沉池出水和二沉池出水中颗粒态Zn占其总量的比例(以质量分数计,下同)均在98.1%以上,颗粒态Hg占其总量的比例由84.1%降低到39.7%,颗粒态As占其总量的比例由11.7%上升至56.5%.初沉池污泥、曝气池活性污泥和脱水消化污泥中Zn含量最高,初沉池污泥中Cd含量最低,曝气池活性污泥和脱水消化污泥中As含量最低.脱水消化污泥中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd含量高于初沉池污泥和曝气池活性污泥,Hg和As含量低于初沉池污泥而高于曝气池活性污泥.大部分Zn和Pb在初沉池中被除去,大部分Cd在二沉池中被除去,Hg和Cu在初沉池与二沉池中的去除效果相当.     

水泥对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化研究

采用水泥固化法处理垃圾焚烧飞灰,研究了飞灰与水泥质量比、养护时间、添加剂和化学预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰固化块中重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr浸出的影响.结果表明,当飞灰与水泥质量比为3:4,养护时间为11d的条件下,以砂浆塑化剂为添加剂,固化块Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr的浸出浓度分别降低了72.4％、70.6％、60.0％...     

Influence of amendments on soil arsenic fractionation and phytoavailability by Pteris vittata L

Increasing availability of soil arsenic is of significance for accelerating phytoremediation efficiency of As-polluted sites. The effects of seven amendments, i.e., citrate, oxalate, EDTA, sodium polyacrylate (SPA), phosphate rock (PR), single superphosphate (SSP), and compost on fractionation and phytoavailability of soil As were investigated in lab culture experiment. The results showed that the addition of PR, SPA, EDTA or compost to soils significantly increased the concentration of NaHCO₃-extractable As over a 120 d incubation period compared with the control (amendment-free) soil. Then, the four amendments were selected to add to As-contaminated soil growing Pteris vittata. It was concluded that As accumulation by the fern increased significantly under the treatments of PR and SPA by 25% and 31%, respectively. For As fractionation in soil, SPA increased Fe-As significantly by 51% and PR increased Ca-As significantly by 18%, while both the two amendments reduced occluded-As by 16% and 19%, respectively. Adding PR and SPA in soil increased the activities of urease and neutral phosphatase resulting from the improvement the fertility and physical structure of the soil, which benefits plant growth and As absorption of P. vittata. The results of the research revealed that both PR and SPA were effective amendments for improving phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites by P. vittata.     

跌水曝气沸石床工艺预处理生活污水

简述了采用跌水曝气沸石床工艺预处理生活污水的处理效果。实验结果表明,跌水高度分别为0.3、0.45和0.60 m 3种情况下,原水经跌水曝气后,溶解氧的增加值平均为2.4、3.6和4.2 mg/L。水力停留时间平均为2 h情况下,进水COD、TN和TP分别在309-464、33～95和4.0～7.5 mg/L范围变化时,相应平均去除效率分别为47.25%、46.39%和40.75%。     

Physicochemical and nutritional features of Gleditsia japonica shell biochar under different pyrolysis conditions

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature (200–700 °C) and duration (2 h, 4 h) on...