Role of biologic components in a novel floating-bed combining Ipomoea aquatic,Corbicula fluminea and biofilm carrier media

A novel floating-bed incorporated with water spinach （Ipomoea aquatica）, Asiatic clam （Corbicula fluminea）, and carrier media supported biofilm was developed for eutrophic water purification. The contribu- tions of each biologic component to the removals of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and Chl.a were examined. The nutrient removals due to the direct uptake by either water spinach or Asiatic clam were less than 10%, suggesting a negligible role of biologic assimilation and leaving the biofilm as the indispensable biologic compo- nent in the floating-bed. Chl.a was reduced mainly by Asiatic clams via filter-feeding. Meanwhile, the digestion and excretion of Asiatic clams benefited the proliferation of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, resulting in the improvement of TN removal. In summary, the synergetic effects of water spinach, Asiatic clams and biofilms would promote the eutrophic water treatment performance of floating-bed in comparison with the conventional floating- bed with vegetation as the single biologic component.     

侧向回流一体化生物膜反应器处理分散式生活污水

针对农村分散式生活污水的处理,设计了侧向回流一体化生物膜反应器,缩短了污水处理工艺流程,减小了设施占地面积,可以实现污水的就地就近处理,有利于提高农村污水处理的覆盖率.为了寻求反应器的最佳运行条件,在填料填充率为35％的条件下,依次调节反应器运行的水力停留时间和气水比,对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的处理效果进行监测.研究...     

花翅摇蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶的底物专一性及对胆碱酯酶抑制剂敏感度的比较

摇蚊是重要的水生昆虫,可用于水环境质量的生物学评价.本研究以花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiinensis)为材料,研究了花翅摇蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase, AChE)的底物专一性及其对胆碱酯酶抑制剂的敏感度.结果表明,花翅摇蚊AChE对乙酰硫代胆碱(ATCh)的水解活性最高,其次是β-甲基硫代乙酰胆碱(β-MTCh)、丙酰硫代胆碱(PrTCh)和丁酰硫代胆碱(BuTCh);氨基甲酸酯药剂对花翅摇蚊AChE的抑制能力高于有机磷类,其中克百威对摇蚊AChE的抑制能力最强, I50值为1×10-8 mol L-1.有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类抑制剂对摇蚊AChE的抑制趋势基本一致,均随着抑制时间延长,抑制率不断增加.由此可得出,花翅摇蚊AChE的最适底物是ATCh;离体条件下,摇蚊AChE对低浓度的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯药剂比较敏感.     

五箱一体化活性污泥工艺循环周期设置研究

五箱一体化活性污泥工艺采取交替运行方式,不需要污泥和混合液回流,良好的循环周期设置对系统至关重要,通过试验研究对不同循环周期设置时的处理效果进行了比较,对主体段进水池状态进行了跟踪试验,结果表明,在水力停留时间和泥龄分别为13 h、18 d的条件下,主体段按120 min设置时能形成良好的厌氧释磷条件,磷的释放率达到0.88 gP/kg MLSS·h,主体段、过渡段和沉淀段分别按120、60和60 min的周期设置时TP、TN的去除率达到90%以上.     

复合生态塘深度处理石化废水中试研究

利用兼氧塘、好氧塘和水生植物塘三级串联组成的复合生态塘深度处理石化废水,塘内采用多孔生态混凝土护坡、填料和水生植物浮床等强化措施以增强处理效果.中试试验结果表明:当HRT 为2.0 d时,复合生态塘对进水中COD,NH3-N,TN,TP 的平均去除率分别为36%,93%,42%,31%,出水主要水质指标皆达到了GB18...     

Microbial community characterization, activity analysis and purifying efficiency in a biofilter process

The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon(BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water.To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter,we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count(HPC),phospholipid,dehydrogenase,metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods.In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization,the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved.The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter.The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau.The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased,and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40.After an initial decrease,which was followed by an increase,the removal rate of NH4+-N and COD Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%,respectively,by day 40.The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days,and remained at 18%.At the steady operation state,the levels of HPC,phospholipid,dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40.The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4+-N,NO2--N,COD Mn,UV 254,biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent.Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.     

UNITANK工艺提高氮、磷去除率的研究

采用UNITANK工艺处理城市生活污水 ,考察了主体阶段和过渡阶段时间的设置对除磷脱氮处理效果的影响 ,并提出通过氧化还原电位进行释磷和反硝化监控的设想     

溅水充氧生物滤池处理农村污水的研究

开发了一种处理农村污水的低能耗地埋式一体化溅水充氧生物滤池装置,通过拔风和溅水复合充氧技术实现了大幅度节能条件下的好氧生物处理.考察了在不同水力负荷及COD、NH4 -N容积负荷条件下本装置的处理效果,结果表明,在水力负荷小于10 m3/(m2·d)、COD及NH4 -N容积负荷分别小于0.3 kg COD/(m3·d)和0.08 kg NH4 -N/(m3·d)的条件下,可以取得较高的去除效果和良好的出水水质,COD、NH4 -N和TN的平均出水浓度分别为58.94 mg/L、2.78 mg/L和8.23 mg/L,平均去除率分别为51.7%、86.4%和70.6%.     

村镇污水治理的市场化理论与模式

村镇污水治理属于农村环境保护的基础设施建设,需要巨额资金的投入,单靠政府财政补助很难进行。因此,建立村镇污水治理市场,引入投融资机制,就成为政府的必然选择。运用新公共管理理论,把村镇污水治理分为供给与生产两个过程,政府通过公共决策和监管保障供给,生产则实行市场化,以解决村镇污水治理的资金来源,提升运营和资金使用效率。结合中国的具体实际,探讨了适宜于中国村镇污水治理的供排水一体化、管理合同和DBO三种市场化模式。     

Research on Mechanism of Diversified Investment and Financing in Building Ecological Cities

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.