苯系物联合暴露仿刺参管足转录组差异表达基因分析

为了分析苯系物(BTEXs)联合暴露后仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)管足转录组差异表达基因,采用Illumina Hi SeqTM2000测序技术,对1.0 mg·L~(-1)苯系物(B)联合暴露12 h后和对照组(C)的仿刺参管足组织分别进行转录组测序。经Trinity软件进行de novo组装,获得了145 675条unigenes。利用公共数据库进行同源比对,共注释了35 330条unigenes。对比分析苯系物联合暴露组和对照组的转录组测序结果,获得了2 418个差异表达基因(DEGs)(|Log2Fold changes|≥1且FDR≤0.001),其中,上调表达和下调表达基因分别为1 049和1 369个。GOseq分析结果显示,158个DEGs显著富集在149个GO terms中,包括103个生物学过程、17个细胞组分和29个分子功能(P0.05);KEGG代谢通路分析结果显示994个差异基因映射到268条代谢通路,这些差异表达基因参与的生理过程与其他生物的同源基因参与的信号传导、癌症、外源性化合物的生物降解代谢等过程相类似。上述结果为在转录组水平筛选苯系物的生物标志物,解析苯系物对仿刺参毒性作用的分子机制提供了科学参考。     

生物活性炭滤池的启动运行

对生物活性炭滤池启动运行中微生物生物量、生物活性、代谢功能及水质指标的变化情况进行连续分析.结果表明,生物活性炭滤池中异养微生物的平板计数生物量变化呈"S"形曲线,与微生物生长规律相符合,这反映滤池中微生物群落有明显的适应期、对数期和稳定期等生长阶段.脱氢酶活性随挂膜时间延长不断增加,第30天后达到稳定水平.滤池中微生物群落碳源代谢能力随挂膜时间的推进而增强,第40天时微生物群落的丰富度指数和Shannon多样性指数达到相对稳定值.氨氮(NH4+-N)与高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)去除率经过降低—缓慢上升—稳定的变化过程后,在第40天时去除率分别达到80%和28%左右.滤池启动运行29 d后溶解氧(DO)消耗率基本稳定,其值为18%.因此,在生物活性炭滤池挂膜过程中,分析微生物生长代谢与水质的变化特征可判断挂膜启动过程是否完成.图6表1参22     

Biomagnification of trace elements in a benthic food web: the case study of Deer Island (Northern Yellow Sea)

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of ten trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As) and their trophodynamics in a benthic food chain of Deer Island, Northern Yellow Sea. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As in the food chain ranged from 3.2 to 23.2, from 71 to 227, from 7.4 to 45.6, from 0.44 to 5.80, from 0.73 to 7.60, from 0.14 to 1.65, from 0.68 to 6.70, from 0.08 to 1.86, from 0.08 to 1.18, and from 0.24 to 3.92 mg kg^?1 dry weight, respectively. Among these trace elements, the linear regression between the log-transformed concentrations of Hg and Cd and δ¹⁵N values showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05) with the slopes of 0.134 and 0.144, indicating biomagnification of Hg and Cd occurred in the benthic food chain of Deer Island. While the linear regression for other eight trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cr, Pb and As) were characterised by extensive scatter with non-significant correlation coefficients (R ²=0.002–0.235) and slopes (p=0.079–0.875), indicating there were not biomagnified or biodiluted of these trace elements.     

紫外-微臭氧处理饮用水中有机优先污染物

城市自来水水质下降,研究开发给水深度处理技术刻不容缓。本文采用新型紫外—微臭氧工艺处理自来水中常见的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、邻－二氯苯、对－二氯苯、1,2,4－三氯苯和六氯苯等6种优先污染物。处理结果表明,与紫外—臭氧工艺相比,本项技术作为自来水深度净化手段,具有效果基本相等,设备大幅度简化,运行费用低廉,更易于推广的优点。光化学氧化,紫外微臭氧,优先污染物,饮用水处理     

Phosphate removal from wastewater by model-La（Ⅲ） zeolite adsorbents

Phosphorus is one of the primary nutrients which leads to eutrophication and accelerates aging process in enclosed water bodies. Because of the poor phosphorus selectivity of other adsorbents, the novel La(III)-modified zeolite adsorbent (LZA) was prepared by modifying 90 nm zeolite with lanthanide to selectively remove phosphate in the presence of various omnipresent anions, such as sulfates, bicarbonates, and chlorides. Through batch and fixed bed operation, the following optimum conditions were obtained: concentration of lanthanum chloride solution 0.05 mol/L; solid/liquor ratio 1/25; pH 10; calcination temperature 550℃; time 1 h. The value of the Freundlich model constants Kf and 1/n were found to be 16.76 mg/L and 0.2209, respectively. In addition, when calculated at pH 6.0, distribution coe cient KD could be as high as 36.6. Furthermore, in the alkaline pH range, solution of 0.8 mol/L NaCl was used to regenerate the saturated LZA, which could reach the high regeneration e ciency as high as 100%. Because of the good selectivity and regenerability of LZA, it might serve as a potential way for advanced phosphate removal from the sewage containing other anions.