Response of sugarcane to treated wastewater of oil refinery

The crop of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) was grown at the agricultural farm of the Mathura Oil Refinery in a simple randomized block design. The experimental plots were irrigated with ground water (GW) or treated wastewater (TW) as and when required The plants gave better response to the latter than the former. The quantity of the required nutrients was comparatively more in TW than GW. The soil receiving wastewater did not show any significant change in its physico-chemical characteristics. The soil accumulated all the heavy metals but the plant samples receiving TW only exhibited the presence of Ni, Pb and Zn whose values are far below the permissible limits.     

Age,growth and population structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Modiolus barbatus</Emphasis> from the Adriatic

Age, growth and population structure of Modiolus barbatus from Mali Ston Bay, Croatia were determined using modal size (age) classes in length frequency distributions, annual pallial line scars on the inner shell surface, internal annual growth lines in shell sections of the middle nacreous layer and Calcein marked and transplanted mussels. The length frequency distributions indicated that M. barbatus attain a length of ∼40 mm in 5–6 years indicating that a large proportion of the population in Mali Ston Bay is <5 years old. Some mussels of ∼60 mm were predicted to be 14 years old using the Von Bertalanffy growth (VBG) equation. Up to the first 6 pallial line scars were visible in young (<6 years) mussels but in older shells the first scars became obscured by nacre deposition as the mussel increased in length and age. The age of the older shells (>6 years) was determined from the middle nacreous lines in shell section, which formed annually in winter between February and March; the wider dark increments forming during summer (June to September). The oldest mussel, determined from the middle nacreous lines, was >12 years, with the majority of mussels aged between 3 and 6 years of age. The ages of mussels ascertained using the growth lines were not dissimilar to the ages predicted from the length frequency distributions. Age at length curves produced using modal size class data were not different from the data obtained using the pallial scar rings and internal growth lines. Taken together these data suggest that M. barbatus attains a length of 40 and 50 mm within 5 and 8 years, respectively. Eighty one percent of individual M. barbatus injected with a Calcein seawater solution (300 mg Calcein l⁻¹), into their mantle cavity successfully deposited a fluorescent line, which was visible in suitably prepared shell sections under ultra violet light. Incorporation of Calcein into the mussel shells was seasonally variable with the lowest frequency of incorporation in mussels marked in February and recovered in May. Seasonal shell growth was observed with significantly higher growth rates in mussels marked in May and removed in August (ANCOVA, F _3,149 = 23.11, P < 0.001). Mussels (∼18 to 22 mm) marked in May and recovered in August displayed maximal growth rates of >2.5 mm month⁻¹ compared with a mean mussel growth rate of 1.2 ± 0.6 mm month⁻¹. At other times of the year mussel shell growth ranged from immeasurable to 1.48 mm month⁻¹.     

混凝-厌氧水解-SBR法处理中成药废水效能研究

针对中成药生产废水高COD(化学需氧量)、高SS(悬浮物)、高色度、可生化性较低等制约常规单一处理方法效力的问题,采用混凝预处理-厌氧水解-SBR(序批式活性污泥法)生物反应器处理方法,研究其对中成药废水处理特性并探明此过程的污染物降解机理.首先,通过混凝参数正交试验以探明最佳工况:PAC(聚合氯化铝)质量浓度为800 mg/L,PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)质量浓度为3mg/L,搅拌强度为250 r/min搅拌1 min后以30 r/min连续搅拌30 min.该工况为有效降低后续废水生物处理的有机负荷,并保障其处理稳定性奠定良好基础.其次,通过耦合厌氧水解与SBR生物处理方法,使得中成药废水中COD、TP(总磷)、NH4-N、TN(总氮)、SS 去除率分别达90.24％、87.93％、93.94％、92.62％、97.30％.该耦合工艺通过各单元间的协同处理特性,实现了逐级高效污染物去除效力,为高浓度中成药废水的稳定处理提供了技术支撑.     

Aqueous, solid and gaseous partitioning of selenium in an oxic sandy soil under different microbiological states

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microorganisms on the behaviour of selenium in natural soil maintained under strictly aerobic conditions. Six-day batch experiments were performed with soils constrained to different microbiological states, either by sterilisation or by adding organic substrates. Selenium was added to the soil as selenite. The distribution of selenium in the gaseous, liquid and solid phases of the batch was measured. Selenium partitioning between the various solid phases was investigated by chemical sequential extractions. Active microorganisms played major effects on the distribution of selenium within the soil. On the one hand, microorganisms could promote selenium volatilisation (in relatively small amounts), leading to the spreading of selenium compounds outside the soil. On the other hand, microbial activities increased both amount of selenium retained by the soil and the strength of its retention (less exchangeable selenium), making selenium less susceptible to remobilisation.     

Three years of operational experience from Schauinsland CTBT monitoring station

Data from three years of operation of a low-level aerosol sampler and analyzer (RASA) at Schauinsland monitoring station are reported. The system is part of the International Monitoring System (IMS) for verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The fully automatic system is capable to measure aerosol borne gamma emitters with high sensitivity and routinely quantifies 7Be and 212Pb. The system had a high level of data availability of 90% within the reporting period. A daily screening process rendered 66 tentative identifications of verification relevant radionuclides since the system entered IMS operation in February 2004. Two of these were real events and associated to a plausible source. The remaining 64 cases can consistently be explained by detector background and statistical phenomena. Inter-comparison with data from a weekly sampler operated at the same station shows instabilities of the calibration during the test phase and a good agreement since certification of the system.     

Spatiotemporal distribution of caddis fly larvae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aethaloptera evanescens</Emphasis> MacLachlan, 1880 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Selenga River

Data on the occurrence, abundance, and biomass of caddis fly larvae Aethaloptera evanescens in the Selenga during the ice periods of 1987–2005 are presented. These insect larvae prefer river stretches with a gravel-sand ground, flow rate of 0.3–0.4 m/s, and depth of 2–3 m. Probable factors determining their distribution in the Selenga in recent years are a considerable drop of water level in the river (1995–2005), the improvement of hydrochemical conditions, and the presence of suspended and drifting erosion materials entering the river as a consequence of sand-gravel mixture excavation between 1980 and 1990.     

我国海岛规划的程序控制研究

海岛规划的程序控制是海岛保护与开发利用各项活动法制化的一个重要问题,我国目前的海岛规划,在规划的编制、确定、实施等方面并未形成一个体系性的完整规定,有关理论研究比较匮乏.本文在分析我国海岛规划程序控制现状的基础上,对我国海岛规划程序控制提出了若干立法建议.     

SD—MOP整合模型在生态工业园规划中的应用探析

生态工业园作为区域产业生态系统,由产业、人口、资源、经济和生态环境等子系统组成。它的持续发展依赖于各子系统的结构合理、功能完整以及各子系统的协调发展和有效控制。文章结合系统动力学模型和多目标规划方法优点,提出了应用于生态工业园规划的整合模型研究思路。从生态工业系统的整体结构功能模拟优化出发,建立生态工业系统动力学（SD）模型,通过模型的原始运行和灵敏度分析,寻找出对工业园发展影响较大的关键点及与之相应的参变量,以此为核心建立多目标规划（MOP）模型,求解MOP模型获取关键点最优解集。再根据模型的解,针对具体情况设计模拟运行方案,与决策者进行交互,取得系统发展的优化规划方案。该整合模型为生态工业园的规划和宏观调控提供了一个新的研究方法,并可为工业系统的可持续发展提供技术支持。     

An integrated approach to watershed management within the DPSIR framework: Axios River catchment and Thermaikos Gulf

The coastal zone of the inner Thermaikos Gulf has been influenced by eutrophication during the past decades. The conditions of the catchment area-coastal zone continuum are assessed under the holistic Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. Major socioeconomic drivers, such as industrial and agricultural development as well as urbanization, exert substantial environmental pressures on the Axios River and the Thermaikos Gulf. The Thermaikos Gulf is a highly complex system, being affected by nutrient inputs from four rivers and the City of Thessaloniki. Moreover, the Axios River which is the most significant contributor of freshwater and nutrients to the gulf, is a transboundary river shared between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The two countries have not yet established a mutual management plan to control freshwater and nutrient discharges. Long-term analysis has shown that presently, more than 11,800 t of nitrogen and 3,400 t of phosphorous are released annually into the marine system. In the Antropocene era, and particularly during the past 20 years, freshwater discharges have decreased and riverine nutrients have increased, whereas inputs from domestic and industrial effluents have a decreasing trend. However, nutrient over-enrichment impacts, i.e. eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and hypoxia still have to be addressed in order to identify whether the coastal system is recovering, or whether further actions should be undertaken to control nutrient inputs from the Axios River and/or other sources. Response actions, such as the improvement of Thessalonikis wastewater treatment plant, have proved to play a positive role in the reduction of domestic wastewater input in the gulf, whereas similar facilities are completely lacking in FYROM. On the other hand, several parts of the Axios River delta are designated as protected areas, in an effort to protect environmentally rich habitats. These efforts are often disputed by local stakeholders, which have conflicting interests in the use of the hinterland and the coastal environment. The need of an integrated catchment-coastal zone management plan appears as a fundamental priority in order to protect, improve and maintain the environment, taking into account the need for economic development of the area. The DPSIR conceptual framework appears to be a valuable tool, as it enables parallel assessment of socioeconomic and environmental issues. In combination with the application of numerical models, the DPSIR analysis may provide suggestions for sustainable and environmentally-friendly measures to policy makers.SI: Pirrone