固定化微生物脱氮

应用固定化微生物技术开展单级生物脱氮的研究。结果表明，固定化硝化与反硝化混合污泥可以实现单级生物脱氮，效果好于未固定化污泥，氨氧化速率和总无机氮的脱中分别提高到未固定化污泥的１．７倍和１３．４倍。结果还表明光硬化树脂也是一种较好的固定化介质。     

非均相催化电解法处理焦化废水

采用三维电极固定床技术对焦化废水进行了深度处理的实验研究,并取得了相应的工艺参数.实验研究结果表明,三维电极技术能有效的处理焦化废水,在槽电压为12V,液体催化剂量为1500mg/l,反应时间为60min,ph为3,CODcr去除率可达62%.     

车用三效催化转化器发展概况

从载体及三效催化剂角度论述了车用三效催化转化器的发展；指出了影响车用三效催化转化器性能的因素，这些因素的作用是协同的；为提高催化转化器的性能，必须采用系统的方法对其进行优化设计。     

乐安江水和沉积物样品的生物毒性评估

采用二种发光菌发光抑制、二种藻生长抑制、大型溲生和慢性毒性多种生物测试方法。对采集于１９９３年６月，１９９３年１２月和１９９４１０月的乐安江可水、沉积物和沉积物间隙不进行了多指标生物毒性测试，在河流４０，５０和１５９ｋｍ处观测到较强毒性，研究结果：毒性排放主要来自乐安江上游德兴铜矿、洎不河，以及乐安江下游接近鄱阳湖口和沉积物中重金属的释放。     

Indoor and outdoor household dust contamination in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Despite some progress in reducing the average lead level in the USA, the streets of Cincinnati, Ohio, are still contaminated by heavy metals. High levels of heavy metals will have significant unequivocal ecological impacts and pose a potential health hazard. This study evaluates the level of heavy- metal contamination in household dust and examines its relationships with the external environment. Samples of outdoor and indoor dust were collected from middle-income residential homes in the Greater Cincinnati Metropolitan District and the metal content was analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Results showed that the mean levels of lead in outdoor and indoor dusts are 650 g g-1 and 377 g g-1 and the copper levels are 253 g g-1 and 510 g g-1, respectively. The median levels are 156 g g-1 and 139 g g-1 for outdoor and indoor lead dusts and 35 g g-1 and 124 g g-1 for outdoor and indoor copper dusts. The degree of contamination may be ascribable to the age of the dwelling unit and the neighbourhood, the time when the unit was last painted, the presence of pets and the type of space heating. In addition, car exhausts seems to be a possible source of contamination.     

Improvement of detection method of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in reclaimed water

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two typical species of pathogenic protozoans that seriously endanger water quality. Previous works indicated that detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia with modified United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method-1623 using a membrane filtration-elution for sample concentration attained better recovery and lower cost compared to the USEPA method-1623. Several improvements of membrane filtration-elution step as well as immunomagnetic separation (IMS) steps were investigated and an optimized method for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater reclamation system was recommended in this paper. The experimental results show that an overnight soak of the membrane after scraping and vortex agitation before elution could enhance and stabilize the recovery. Increasing turbidity to 4 NTU by adding kaolin clay before filtration could effectively improve the recovery of low-turbidity water. Washing the concentrate after centrifugation and twice acid dissociation both reduced the impact of water quality to protozoan recovery. Protozoans in different water samples were determined by this optimized method, and the recovery of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were above 70% and 80% respectively, much higher than the acceptance of method-1623. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(12): 2547–2552 [译自: 环境科学]     

马尔科夫链在环境质量预测中的应用

鉴于目前环境质量预测在理论方法和实践上的缺乏,把马尔科夫链引入环境质量的预测中,将各种污染物的浓度变化过程视作马尔科夫过程,通过预测各种污染物的污染负荷系数来推知其浓度值.实例中通过多元回归分析计算出马尔科夫转移矩阵,以2005年辽宁省5种大气污染物的污染负荷系数作为初始向量,预测了今后5年的变化.然后利用GM(1,1)模型预测出降尘的具体浓度值,由此计算出了2006～2010年辽宁省5种污染物的浓度值.     

近40年来长江流域水沙变化趋势及可能影响因素探讨

利用Mann Kendall方法,分析了近40年长江流域主要水文站点（长江干流水文站：屏山站、宜昌站、汉口站与大通站;支流水文站：嘉陵江的北碚站和汉江的皇庄站）的流量及输沙率的变化特征。结果表明：①长江流域流量与输沙量变化受人类活动（土地利用、水利设施建设等）与自然因素（如降水的时空变化）综合因素影响,变化趋势表现出复杂性,上、中、下游各有特点;②长江流域屏山站以上流域输沙率有上升趋势（1~5月份上升趋势达到95%的置信度水平）,这与上游河床坡度较大,使泥沙不易沉积以及暴雨与降水增加有关;③长江中下游输沙呈显著下降趋势。计算结果表明,宜昌-汉口河段是长江流域泥沙主要沉积区,加上葛州坝与三峡工程的建成与投入使用,从而进一步使中下游输沙量呈下降趋势。由于下游降水增加,使下游径流量自1980s以来有微弱上升趋势,但未达到95%的置信度水平,中上游流量变化不显著。对上、中、下游人为因素与自然因素对流域流量与输沙量的变化贡献率方面需要做进一步的研究。     

石化工业园区区域环境风险后评价的风险识别

松花江污染事故发生后,国家更加重视对已有石化工业园区的风险排查以及事故预防,风险识别是风险评价与管理的基础。通过查阅相关资料以及类比分析,分析了已有区域风险识别与普通风险识别的不同,探讨了识别的原则和重点,指出了识别的程序和相应的方法,并给出了实例论证,为区域环境风险识别研究提供借鉴。     

活性炭对重金属离子铅镉铜的吸附研究

研究了活性炭对水溶液中重金属离子铅镉铜的吸附行为,分析研究了ICP测定重金属铅镉铜的分析方法,并对分析的最佳条件进行了探讨。结果表明,100 mL溶液pH值为4.8,活性炭用量0.2000 g时,活性炭对Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋、Cu^2＋的最大吸附容量分别可达到52.54 mg/g、35.65 mg/g、57.05 mg/g。