Vegetation exposure to ozone over the continental United States: Assessment of exposure indices by the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model

The main use of air quality forecast (AQF) models is to predict ozone (O₃) exceedances of the primary O₃ standard for informing the public of potential health concerns. This study presents the first evaluation of the performance of the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model to predict a variety of widely used seasonal mean and cumulative O₃ exposure indices associated with vegetation using the U.S. AIRNow O₃ observations. These exposure indices include two concentration-based O₃ indices, M7 and M12 (the seasonal means of daytime 7-h and 12-h O₃ concentrations, respectively), and three cumulative exposure-based indices, SUM06 (the sum of all hourly O₃ concentrations ≥ 0.06 ppm), W126 (hourly concentrations weighed by a sigmoidal weighting function), and AOT40 (O₃ concentrations accumulated over a threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours). During a three-month simulation (July–September 2005), the model over predicted the M7 and M12 values by 8–9 ppb, or a NMB value of 19% and a NME value of 21%. The model predicts a central belt of high O₃ extending from Southern California to Middle Atlantic where the seasonal means, M7 and M12 (the seasonal means of daytime 7-h and 12-h O₃ concentrations), are higher than 50 ppbv. In contrast, the model is less capable of reproducing the observed cumulative indices. For AOT40, SUM06 and W126, the NMB and NME values are two- to three-fold of that for M7, M12 or peak 8-h O₃ concentrations. The AOT40 values range from 2 to 33 ppm h by the model and from 1 to 40 ppm h by the monitors. There is a significantly higher AOT40 value experienced in the United States in comparison to Europe. The domain-wide mean SUM06 value is 14.4 ppm h, which is about 30% higher than W126, and 40% higher than AOT40 calculated from the same 3-month hourly O₃ data. This suggests that SUM06 and W126 represent a more stringent standard than AOT40 if either the SUM06 or the W126 was used as a secondary O₃ standard. Although CMAQ considerably over predicts SUM06 and W126 values at the low end, the model under predicts the extreme high exposure values (>50 ppm h). Most of these extreme high values are found at inland California sites. Based on our analysis, further improvement of the model is needed to better capture cumulative exposure indices.     

耐盐复合菌剂生物强化处理高盐高硫废水

从实验室处理高盐废水的生物反应池中筛选到1株耐盐脱氮硫杆菌XSH7.为提高系统在高盐条件下的处理效果,将该硫杆菌和本实验室保藏的高效硝化菌SW32混合制成复合菌投加到SBR反应池中进行生物强化.比较了强化系统(BS)与非强化系统(NBS)的处理效果,研究了复合菌对系统去除COD、NH3-N和硫代硫酸盐(THS)的影响,并对投菌量与周期作了考察.结果表明,投加复合菌能加快COD降解速度,增强耐负荷冲击能力,提高COD、NH3-N和THS的去除率.10%(质量分数)投菌量的系统24 h即可达到稳定出水,COD、NH3-N和THS去除率最高可达到93%、92%、92%,最大耐受负荷分别为1.128 0,0.C74 5、1.053 0 kg/(m3·d).     

絮凝剂产生菌培养基的研究

进行了微生物絮凝剂培养基类型选择试验和培养基成分正交试验，实验结果显示，高糖低氮的培养基有利于产絮凝剂，单糖尤其是葡萄糖对产絮凝剂影响最大，果糖缺少时也不利于絮凝剂的产生；氮源以有机氮源如酵母膏、蛋白胨为宜。利用正交实验得出培养基成分最佳配比，图1表4参14。     

酸雨致酸土壤对小麦幼苗若干营养代谢的影响

通过模拟酸雨淋洗土壤,造成土壤酸化和盐基流失.将小麦幼苗栽培于由酸雨致酸的土壤,其体内的碳素代谢和氮素代谢受到抑制,从而导致体内可溶性糖含量和含N量下降.其中致酸土壤对根系碳素代谢和氮素代谢的抑制作用大于对茎叶碳素代谢和氮素代谢的抑制作用.表4参23     

基于LMDI的长江经济带沿线水利风景区规模演变影响因素分析

水利风景区规模演变影响因素分析可为推进水利风景区建设,促进区域可持续发展提供参考.采用LMDI方法,首次量化了水利风景区建设强度、水利工程开发程度、水资源配置结构和水资源量等四因素对长江经济带沿线水利风景区规模演变的影响.研究发现:(1)对经济带沿线整体水利风景区规模演变而言,水资源量是最主要正向影响因素,水资源配置结构的影响最小.(2)对经济带分省市水利风景区规模演变而言,四因素中水利风景区建设强度和水利工程开发程度在四川、重庆、贵州均呈最强正向作用,在湖南、湖北、安徽和浙江分别是最主要正向和负向影响因素,在云南分别呈最显著负向和正向影响;江苏、江西对应最显著正向影响因素为水利工程开发程度;四川、重庆、江苏对应最主要负向影响因素为水资源配置结构;经济带整体水资源量在贵州、江西均呈负向影响.继而对经济带沿线省市有关水利风景区建设提出针对性建议.     

Simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole,carbendazim and 2-aminobenzimidazole in concentrated fruit juices by liquid chromatography after a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup

A method using liquid chromatography and a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup for the simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole [2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole], carbendazim [(methyl N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate)] and 2-aminobenzimidazole (1H-benzimidazol-2-amine) in concentrated fruit juices is described. The three fungicides were isolated from the samples and concentrated by solid-phase extraction on Oasis MCX cartridges. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with a diode array, detecting at 288 nm. In this method, the average recoveries from blank control juice samples spiked in a concentration range of 0.01–0.10 mg/kg were in the range of 81–95%, with relative standard deviations below 8%. Detection limits and limits of quantification were 4 μ g/kg and 10 μ g/kg, respectively, for each fungicide. Real juice samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The results were compared to those from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.     

珠江悬浮物对0号柴油的吸附与解吸实验

通过室内实验,分析了悬浮物对0号柴油乳化油吸附、解吸的基本规律,并对泥沙浓度和温度因素影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,悬浮物对0号柴油的吸附和解吸过程符合一级动力学过程;悬浮物的平衡吸附量随着液相平衡浓度的升高而趋于平缓,Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程都能较好的反映珠江广州段泥沙的吸附规律;固相平衡吸附浓度随着悬浮物浓度的升高而降低,而液相解吸平衡浓度则随着悬浮物浓度的升高而增加;此外,温度的升高不利于柴油吸附过程而更有利于解吸过程。     

Modeling health impacts of air pollutant emissions from the coal-fired power industry based on LCA and oriented by WTP: a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal-fired power plants are one of the major sources of coal consumption in China; they discharge various air pollutants and cause serious human...     

Health impacts of air pollution in Chinese coal-based clean energy industry: LCA-based and WTP-oriented modeling

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evolution of energy system occupies an important position in economic development and quality of life. Influenced by the energy endowment in...     

Systematic study on the relationship between particulate matter and microbial counts in hospital operating rooms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a systematic procedure for establishing the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and microbial counts in four operating rooms...