武钢一炼钢厂平改转拆除工程安全技术管理

通过采用事前、事中、事后控制的方法,对平改转拆除工程实施了全方位的严格管理,不仅全面实现了管理目标,而且带来了良好的社会效益和可观的经济效益。     

High mercury leachate containing HgS22 − complex ion: Detoxifying solidification and high efficiency Hg extraction

Clean and efficient treatment of high-mercury leachate produced from remediation of mercury-polluted soil has become a huge challenge for environmental scientists.In this work,cement solidification was firstly adopted to treat the high-concentration mercury leachate,which had high alkalinity.Different mercury concentrations,namely 3.120 mg/L Hg mercury leachate and 9.243 mg/L Hg mercury concentrated leachate,were separately solidified by Portland cement.The results indicated that simply using the cement can properly solidify both the leachates to meet the waste landfill standard,with liquid(mL)/solid(g) ratio(L/S ratio) of4:10–6:10.In order to make full use of mercury in the leachates,a Hg extraction method was subsequently carried out under different experimental parameters,such as temperature and p H value.It was shown that the Hg extraction ratio could reach as high as 99.84% and almost all the mercury in the leachate could be transformed to HgS precipitate;moreover,the Hg concentration in the treated leachate was reduced from 3.120 to 0.005 mg/L at p H 2.98 and 30°C,which was much less than the limit of the national standard,indicating that the leachate had been completely cleaned and could be discharged freely.Hence,simple cement solidification renders high-mercury leachate nontoxic,and the Hg extraction method can successfully recover the Hg and enable the residual leachate to be discharged safely.     

基于环境风险评价的危险品道路运输优化选线

张家港市拥有我国唯一的内河港保税区,区内化工产业密集,大量危险品在城市道路网上形成一个个“移动危险源”.本文系统分析了张家港市危险品道路运输过程中发生泄漏事故的风险:识别了道路网上危险品运输分布;提出了基于城市道路的泄漏事故率修正系数;运用ALOHA模型模拟事故情景、GIS计算影响区域长度和面积;从人口暴露和环境污染两方面构建风险评价模型并作为优化选线指标.基于上述基础,将风险评价模型应用于危险品道路运输网GIS平台,进行网络模块分析.结果表明,起迄点间路径的风险指数最小为14.12,该路径为最优路径,为张家港市危险品道路运输选线提供科学决策支持.     

Threat of heavy metal contamination in eight mangrove plants from the Futian mangrove forest,China

Mangrove plants play an important role in heavy metal maintenance in a mangrove ecosystem. To evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal contamination in the Futian mangrove forest, Shenzhen, China, eight heavy metals in mangrove sediments and plants were monitored, including essential elements such as Cu and Zn, and non-essential elements such as Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Pb and Hg. The results showed that the heavy metals exhibited the following scheme: Zn > As > Cu ≈ Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd ≈ Hg in sediment cores, among which Cd, As, Pb and Hg contents were nearly ten times higher than the background values. There was no significant difference in metal maintenance capability between native and exotic species. In mangrove plants’ leaves and stems, concentrations of Cu, Zn and As were higher than other heavy metals. The low bioconcentration factors for most heavy metals, except for Cr, implied the limited ability of heavy metal accumulation by the plants. Mangrove plants seem to develop some degree of tolerance to Cr. The factor analysis implies that anthropogenic influences have altered metal mobility and bioavailability.     

黄、渤海恶劣天气影响船舶安全的风险预估技术初探

在黄渤海船舶类型调查和事故调查的基础上,将船舶航行作为由人-船-环境组成的多因素复杂系统,将气象海况条件作为操船环境因素之一,依据风险决策ALARP准则,调查得到黄海、渤海海区大风浪条件下5 000 t以下货船和客滚轮的不同风险等级标准,具有一定的可操作性。依托精细化的数值预报产品,建立气象保障支持系统,并加工不同船舶的风险预估产品。对实际出现的海难事故进行风险预估,证明了方法的可用性。还需要研究更多船型的风险预估方法和黄海、渤海海区航行船舶的风险区划;已有方法也有待深化。     

警用热防护材料的应用研究和发展概况

热防护装备是警察面对火灾和高温时保存生存力和提高战斗力的必备装备,因此研究热防护材料的性能和防护机理显得尤为重要。本文分析了在警用领域热防护材料的研究现状,讨论了热防护材料的性能与表征方法,最后对新型热防护材料气凝胶的发展现状进行了介绍。     

2种茶树对铜胁迫的响应及其组织铜化学形态变化的比较研究

为了分析不同茶树对Cu胁迫的生理响应及其组织中不同化学形态Cu的累积特性,本研究采用水培法,探讨铁观音、肉桂2种茶树在不同浓度Cu胁迫下,茶树根系活力、叶绿素含量、茶树组织Cu含量及不同化学形态Cu含量的变化,以期为重金属对茶树毒害机理和茶树对重金属的自我防御研究提供理论依据。结果表明,随着Cu胁迫浓度的增加,茶树根系活力及叶片叶绿素含量呈现下降趋势,而与对照相比,铁观音下降的幅度远高于肉桂。不同茶树品种在相同浓度Cu胁迫下,其根、茎、叶组织的Cu含量差异不显著,而不同组织中则表现为根叶茎。不同化学形态Cu含量分析结果表明,随着Cu胁迫浓度的升高,2种茶树根部可交换态Cu、碳酸盐结合态Cu、有机结合态Cu含量百分比呈现下降趋势,而铁锰氧化态Cu和残留态Cu呈现上升趋势;茎部可交换态Cu、有机结合态Cu含量百分比呈现下降趋势,碳酸盐结合态Cu、铁锰氧化态Cu和残留态Cu呈现上升趋势;叶部可交换态Cu、碳酸盐结合态Cu、有机结合态Cu含量、铁锰氧化态Cu含量的百分比均呈现上升趋势,而残留态Cu呈现下降趋势。进一步分析发现,Cu胁迫下,铁观音茶树根、叶部主要以采取提高有机结合态Cu的形式来降低Cu离子毒害,而肉桂则以提高铁锰氧化态Cu形式降低Cu离子毒害,叶部则以提高铁锰氧化态Cu和残留态Cu的形式降低Cu离子毒害。可见,不同的茶树在Cu胁迫下所表现解毒模式存在着一定的差异。     

椰壳生物炭对多种重金属在广东水稻土中的吸附解吸特性影响

土壤中有毒有害重金属会造成环境污染并危害人体健康.本文基于OECD 106实验准则,采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了多种有效态重金属镉(Cd2+)、钴(Co2+)和铜(Cu2+)在广东省水稻土中的吸附解吸行为特征以及添加椰壳生物炭对吸附解吸行为的影响,并探讨了pH值、温度和添加炭含量对吸附率的影响.结果表明,3种重金属在土壤中的吸附平衡时间为25 h,解吸平衡时间为30 h,添加质量浓度5％椰壳生物炭可使土壤对3种重金属的吸附率提高11.6％ ～20.0％,重金属离子在土壤中的吸附为不可逆吸附,具有明显滞后效应,Cd2+、Co2+和Cu2+的解吸滞后系数分别为33.838、1.347和0.972.在本试验条件下,土壤溶液的pH值随椰壳生物炭含量的增加而增大,温度和含炭量对吸附率的影响呈良好的线性关系(r2>0.951).这表明,在土壤中施用椰壳生物炭能有效缓解土壤中的重金属污染.