Chemical composition of the mycelium of Daldinia eschscholtzii北大核心CSCD

To investigate the chemical composition of the fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii, the compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral methods. The MTT method was applied to measure the cytotoxicity of representative components. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-hydroxyl-6,22-dien-5α,8α-peroxynitrite (1); ergosterol-9(11)-dehydroperoxide (2); mangiferonic acid (3); ergosta-4,6,8 (14),22-tetraen-3-one (4); (+)-syringaresinol (5); 3,5,3',5'-tetramethoxy-4,4,-diphenol (6); 5-methoxycoumarin (7); 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (8); (2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-ol (9); 2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (10); and 7β-caruilignan C (11), respectively. Compound 4 showed inhibitory activity against H1299, H460, HGC-27, A5491, and MNK-45, with the IC50 value of 25.2 ± 2.9, 32.3 ± 4.2, 29.2 ± 1.2, 33.9 ± 3.7, and 18.0 ± 7.0 μmol/L, respectively. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Enhanced reductive degradation of carbon tetrachloride by carbon dioxide radical anion-based sodium percarbonate/Fe(II)/formic acid system in aqueous solution

Complete CT degradation was achieved by SPC/Fe(II)/FA system.Formic acid established the reductive circumstance by producing CO₂·^–.CO₂·^– was the dominant active species responsible for CT degradation.CT degradation was favorable in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.0.SPC/Fe(II)/FA system may be suitable for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.The performance of sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated with ferrous ion (Fe(II)) with the addition of formic acid (FA) to stimulate the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) was investigated. Results showed that CT could be entirely reduced within 15 min in the system at a variety of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT molar ratios in experimental level. Scavenging tests indicated that carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·^–) was the dominant reactive oxygen species responsible for CT degradation. CT degradation rate, to a large extent, increased with increasing dosages of chemical agents and the optimal molar ratio of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT was set as 60/60/60/1. The initial concentration of CT can hardly affect the CT removal, while CT degradation was favorable in the pH range of 3.0–9.0, but apparently inhibited at pH 12. Cl^– and HCO₃^– of high concentration showed negative impact on CT removal. Cl^– released from CT was detected and the results confirmed nearly complete mineralization of CT. CT degradation was proposed by reductive C-Cl bond splitting. This study demonstrated that SPC activated with Fe(II) with the addition of FA may be promising technique for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.     

复杂地形大气扩散模式在环境影响评价中的应用

基于HJ2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则-大气环境》对复杂地形大气扩散模式的规定,对比研究AERMOD、CALPUFF、ADMS模式在流场模拟、地形处理思路和浓度预测方法等方面的异同,系统地提出了复杂地形条件下大气环境影响评价的技术要点,结合案例分析三模式预测的区域最大落地浓度及分布的差异,进一步探讨复杂地形大气环境影响评价存在的问题及解决方案,对做好大气环境影响评价工作具有重要的指导意义。     

基于高压共轨柴油发动机的SCR处理系统

柴油发动机的排气后处理技术是柴油发动机技术发展的核心。SCR处理系统是当前柴油机排气后处理技术之一,它能有效地去除柴油机排气中的NOx。将SCR处理系统与共轨柴油发动机结合并合理匹配,可满足更高排放标准的要求。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区分期设计实例

提出山谷型生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区采取分期设计的原则,以福建省连城县生活垃圾卫生填埋场为例,说明填埋库区采取分期设计后能有效地减少垃圾渗滤液的产生量,从而达到减少工程投资、加快工程进度、减少初期运行费用的目的。     

梯级河滩湿地模型对受污染河水氮磷和CODCr的净化效果

在贾鲁河畔构建3组并联的梯级河滩湿地模型,引种9种不同类型的湿地植物进行筛选试验,将湿地模型串联运行比较研究3种不同植物配置的梯级湿地对受污染河水的净化效果,在此基础上设定12h和24h等两组不同水力滞留时间,研究延长滞留时间对水质净化效果的影响。试验结果表明：对氮磷和有机物的去除效果挺水植物明显好于沉水植物,其中茭草（Zizania caduciflora）、荆三棱（Scirpus fluviatilis）和狭叶香蒲（Typha angustifolia）去除效果最好;沉水植物和挺水植物对氨氮的去除表现好于浮叶植物;延长水力滞留时间对改善水质净化效果明显,滞留时间由12h延长到24h后,TN、TP、氨氮和CODCr去除率分别提高10.2%、21.7%、30.2%和12.9%,对氨氮的净化效果改善最为明显;挺水植物＋沉水植物＋浮叶植物组合较单纯挺水植物组合在对氨氮和TN去除效果方面表现出较明显的优势,主要是由于不同类型湿地植物所营造的好氧、厌氧环境提高了对氨氮和TN去除效果。研究结果证明在湿地植被组建中,根据进水水质,应灵活选择植物种类,进行合理的植物配置,可提高湿地的净化效果。     

碳纳米管的免疫毒性研究

碳纳米管已经以各种不同的方式进入我们的生活,因此,对碳纳米管可能给人们的健康与安全带来的影响需要有足够的认识.本文就近年来对碳纳米管引起免疫细胞毒性的研究进展进行综述,为人们进一步认识和更好地应用碳纳米管奠定基础.     

Fe^0对土壤中对氯硝基苯和对硝基甲苯的还原

采用零价铁(Fe0)还原技术,在25℃和常压下修复受对氯硝基苯(PCNB)和对硝基甲苯(PNT)混合污染的土壤,研究不同反应条件对还原反应的影响及产物在反应历程中的变化.实验结果表明:零价铁能够有效地将土壤中PCNB和PNT还原为其对应的苯胺化合物.在PCNB和PNT的初始含量约为2.5×106mol·g-1,Fe0加人最为25 mg·g-1,土壤水分含量为0.75 mL·g-1,土壤初始pH值为6.8,于25℃下反应5 h,PCNB和PNT的还原率都可达93%以上.Fe0用量、土壤初始pH值、温度和土壤含水量均对Fe0还原硝基苯类化合物有较明显影响,偏酸性的土壤、较高的温度、增加Fe0用量和饱和的土壤含水量能显著提高还原率.     

挤压过程数字模拟的双重网格技术

双重网格技术是将有限元计算用网格与材料质点网格分开,通过两层网格的信息传递,可将有限元网格上的位移、速率、应变速率映射到材料质点网格上去.采用这种方法,避免了大变形中需多次重新生成网格的问题,大大缩短了上机时间,同时还能直观反映各质点从变形开始到变形结束时的位移.     

Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process

A lab-scale composting experiment was carried out using vegetable and flower stalks waste to study the effectiveness of ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms (LCMs) obtained from the previous isolation on composting process, especially on enhancement of biodegradation rate of these organic materials. The addition of LCMs to compost showed promised to be a valuable asset by rendering timely benefits in efficiency, maturity, and quality of the composting. This was evidenced by a significant increase of temperature, O2 consumption and CO2 emission, and population density of LCMs in compost mass compared with that of biotic (addition of culture of horse feces) and abiotic (1% molasses amendment) treatments, as well as control trial. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the substrate became mature after 60 days' composting. The LCMs inoculation enhanced the biodegradation of the composting materials as evidenced by an increasing screening ratio (1.2 cm sieve pore) of 34.5% in the treated trail, compared with that of control, which elucidated that big advantage of adding selected inoculants over other treatment, and screening ratio is a reasonable index to compare the quality of different compost. However, the inoculation seemed to have no significant effect on the moisture content, pH, and the final organic carbon of the composting materials.