猪粪经蝇蛆生态处理后粪臭素和排污量的变化

观察家蝇幼虫 (蝇蛆 )生态处理猪粪后 ,猪粪中粪臭素和排污量的变化。以养猪场的猪粪为试验材料 ,经当地蝇蛆处理的猪粪作为处理组 ,未经蝇蛆处理的猪粪为对照组 ,测定两组猪粪样本中粪臭素 ( 3 -甲基吲哚 ,简称 3 -MI)、CODCr、BOD5和 NH3-N的质量浓度。经蝇蛆处理后每 kg猪粪中的 3 -MI、CODCr、BOD5和 NH3-N分别为 2 .76× 10 - 3、5 6.3 6、14 .84和 3 .41g;对照组中上述物质分别为 3 8.5 8× 10 - 3、12 3 .0 1、60 .0 7和 3 .64 g。经蝇蛆处理后的猪粪中的 3 -MI、CODCr和 BOD5分别减少了 92 .8%、5 4.2 %和75 .3 %;而 NH3-N的含量仅减少 6.3 %。蝇蛆生态处理猪粪可有效减少粪臭素和有机污染物 ,有利于改善环境     

Detection and assessment of dust mite allergens in an indoor environment in Anhui,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dust in the home environment is thought to be a potential trigger for increasing allergic diseases, such as allergic rash, rhinitis, asthma, and other...     

微囊藻毒素-LR通过线粒体途径诱导人支气管上皮细胞凋亡

探讨线粒体Caspase依赖性途径是否参与微囊藻毒素-LR(microcystin-LR,MC-LR)诱导人支气管上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cells,16HBE)凋亡过程。将处于对数生长期的16HBE分别暴露于终浓度为0(对照组)、2.5、5、10μg·m L-1的微囊藻毒素-LR和10μg·m L-1MC-LR+50μmol·L-1Caspase广谱抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK,持续24 h和48 h。检测细胞凋亡率,线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨm),Caspase-3和Caspase-9相对表达量。结果显示,与对照组相比,各浓度染毒组细胞凋亡率和Caspase-3、Caspase-9相对表达量均升高,10μg·m L-1MC-LR染毒组线粒体膜电位降低;与10μg·m L-1MC-LR组相比,10μg·m L-1MCLR+50μmol·L-1Z-VAD-FMK组细胞凋亡率明显降低,Caspase-3和Caspase-9相对表达量降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着MC-LR染毒浓度的升高或染毒时间的延长,16HBE细胞凋亡率和Caspase-3、Caspase-9相对表达量呈升高趋势。研究表明,MC-LR可以通过线粒体Caspase依赖性途径诱导16HBE细胞凋亡。     

Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

Tourism’s Impacts on Natural Resources: A Positive Case from China

Tourism development may result in negative impacts on natural resources owing to overuse and mismanagement. However, tourism may also play positive roles in natural resource conservation, which has rarely been verified in practice, although some researchers have demonstrated this in theory. In this article, taking the Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve as a case study area, we conducted an analysis for the environmental impacts from tourism development based on social survey and interpretation of remote sensing images. The results show that the natural environment was not degraded and some indicators are even improving because all the residents have participated in tourism and given up farming and hunting. It is concluded that it is possible to use tourism as a way to balance natural resource conservation and economic development under the preconditions of making effective policies to encourage and help local people participate in tourism business and to benefit from it.     

2008年北京市大气质量的灰色预测

运用灰色关联分析方法对北京市大气主要污染物质进行了分析,得出PM10、TSP和SO2是主要污染因子。在此基础上,运用灰色系统理论建模方法,分别建立主要污染因子的预测模型。运用该模型预测出到2008年北京市的TSP和PM10仍不能达到国家二级标准。在今后几年内降低颗粒物的污染是北京市大气污染控制工作的首要任务。     

廉价吸附剂处理重金属离子废水的研究进展

随着现代工业的迅速发展,生产过程中排出的有害重金属离子废水日益增加.寻找较为廉价的废水净化材料,对其中有害重金属离子的有效处理已成为环境保护中亟待解决的问题.廉价吸附剂的使用取代了目前成本较高的从溶液中回收重金属离子的方法,同时吸附剂改性会大大提高其吸附量.阐述了壳聚糖、海泡石、膨润土、海藻和泥炭等结构组成、吸附和离子交换性能等,报道廉价吸附剂对一些重金属离子的最大吸附量是:796 mg Pb/g壳聚糖,1123 mg Hg/g壳聚糖,92 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g壳聚糖,76 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g泥炭,41 mg Pb/g膨润土,558 mg Cd/g壳聚糖,215 mg Cd/g海藻.由此展现了廉价吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理过程中的巨大优势和良好的发展前景.     

磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土对Pb2+的吸附研究

研究了不同浓度磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土的比表面积、孔结构性质以及其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附.结果表明,凹凸棒粘土磷酸改性后比表面积明显增大,具有明显的中孔分布;9 mol/L磷酸改性处理的凹凸棒粘土吸附能力最佳,在改性凹凸棒粘土加入量为20～30 g/L,水样pH=5条件下,废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的被吸附率接近99%.     

自然灾害信息系统结构初探——以长白山火山灾害信息系统为例

以地理信息系统和遥感等具有综合分析,实时反应能力的高新技术为支撑,构建了自然灾害信息系统,指出自然灾害数据库主要包括历史数据库,相关环境数据和遥感信息数据库,并以减灾为视角将系统分为监测子系统,预测子系统,灾害评估子系统,避灾路线选取子系统四个模块。     

H2O2—Fe^2＋法处理3—羟基—2—萘甲酸生产废水

采用H2O2-Fe^2 处理3-羟基-2-萘甲酸（简称2,3酸）生产废水,在pH为2.8-2.9(原液）,[FeSO4.7H2O]为0.5kg/t废水,[H2O2]为5L/t废水,t为20min,TY国60℃-80℃时,COD去除率可达94%左右。