Toxic effect and mechanism of four ionic liquids on seedling taproots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana was selected as model organisms to investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of four kinds of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) on plant seedling taproots. After exposure to ILs, the growth of seedling taproots was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of ILs on seedling taproots was [Bmim][BF₄] > [Bmpy][BF₄] > [Bmim][Br] > [Bmpy][Br]. The reduction of seedling root cell vitality, aggravation of seedling root cell death, and repression of gravitropic growth responses were observed. The amounts of H₂O₂ and ROS in seedlings were enhanced with increasing concentrations of ILs. Moreover, the expression levels of cdc2a and pcna1 genes were decreased after exposure to ILs. Our results suggest that ILs can induce the overproduction of ROS in A. thaliana seedling taproots and thus cause oxidative damage to seedling taproots. Meanwhile, ILs alter the expression patterns of two cell cycle-related genes and hence cause the seedling taproot growth inhibition. This work provides an integrated understanding of the toxic effect and mechanism of ILs on A. thaliana seedlings at the molecular and physiological level and also provides theoretical basis and reference for the environmental safety evaluation of ILs, prior to their widespread use and release.

?

     

纳米银的体内毒性及毒作用机制研究进展

很多研究表明纳米银对机体的消化系统、呼吸系统、生殖系统等多个系统均会产生毒作用,且其毒作用受到多种因素的影响。目前关于纳米银的毒作用机制尚未明确,研究发现纳米银的毒作用机制可能与银离子释放,活性氧自由基产生,氧化应激的发生,炎症反应等有关,最新研究指出纳米银的毒性作用还可能与内质网应激和自噬有关,本文将就纳米银的体内毒性及毒作用机制进行综述。     

Nanomaterials for water pollution monitoring and remediation

Water shortage and pollution are serious challenges for many countries. Nanomaterials are promising new tools for water quality management due to unique physicochemical properties, high economic benefit, high removal efficiency and environmental friendliness. Here we describe four types of nanomaterials used for water treatment: nanofiltration membranes, photocatalytic nanomaterials, adsorption nanomaterials and reducing nanomaterials. We discuss their properties, applications and mechanisms for pollutant removal. We also review nanomaterials used for water quality monitoring, notably nanomaterials used for the detection of trace pollutants and pathogens. These nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, noble metal nanomaterials and quantum dots.     

2008年北京市大气质量的灰色预测

运用灰色关联分析方法对北京市大气主要污染物质进行了分析,得出PM10、TSP和SO2是主要污染因子。在此基础上,运用灰色系统理论建模方法,分别建立主要污染因子的预测模型。运用该模型预测出到2008年北京市的TSP和PM10仍不能达到国家二级标准。在今后几年内降低颗粒物的污染是北京市大气污染控制工作的首要任务。     

廉价吸附剂处理重金属离子废水的研究进展

随着现代工业的迅速发展,生产过程中排出的有害重金属离子废水日益增加.寻找较为廉价的废水净化材料,对其中有害重金属离子的有效处理已成为环境保护中亟待解决的问题.廉价吸附剂的使用取代了目前成本较高的从溶液中回收重金属离子的方法,同时吸附剂改性会大大提高其吸附量.阐述了壳聚糖、海泡石、膨润土、海藻和泥炭等结构组成、吸附和离子交换性能等,报道廉价吸附剂对一些重金属离子的最大吸附量是:796 mg Pb/g壳聚糖,1123 mg Hg/g壳聚糖,92 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g壳聚糖,76 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g泥炭,41 mg Pb/g膨润土,558 mg Cd/g壳聚糖,215 mg Cd/g海藻.由此展现了廉价吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理过程中的巨大优势和良好的发展前景.     

Fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions in soils in soil aquifer treatment

This work investigated the effect of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) operation on the fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in soils through laboratory-scale soil columns with a 2-year operation. The resin adsorption technique (with XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins) was employed to characterize the dissolved organic matter in soils into five fractions, i.e., hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N), and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed the presence of soluble microbial byproduct- and humic acid-like components and polycyclic aromatic compounds in DOM in soils, and SAT operation resulted in the enrichment of these fluorescent materials in all DOM fractions in the surface soil (0–12.5 cm). More importantly, the quantitative method of fluorescence regional integration was used in the analysis of excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra of DOM fractions in soils. The cumulative EEM volume (Φ _{T, n} ) results showed that SAT operation led to the enrichment of more fluorescent components in HPO-A and TPI-A, as well as the dominance of less fluorescent components in HPO-N, TPI-N, and HPI in the bottom soil (75–150 cm). Total Φ _{T, n} values, which were calculated as $ {\Phi_{{T,n}}} \times {\mathrm{DOC}} $ , suggested an accumulation of fluorescent organic matter in the upper 75 cm of soil as a consequence of SAT operation. The distribution of volumetric fluorescence among five regions (i.e., P _{i, n} ) results revealed that SAT caused the increased content of humic-like fluorophores as well as the decreased content of protein-like fluorophores in both HPO-A and TPI-A in soils.     

微波辅助萃取-HPLC-AFS联用技术检测土壤样品中砷的化学形态

建立了微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)-原子荧光光谱(AFS)联用技术分析土壤中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、二甲基砷(DMA)、一甲基砷(MMA)和砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]等4种形态砷。用正交实验设计优化了功率、萃取溶剂体积、萃取温度、萃取时间等微波萃取条件。方法的线性范围为1.00~100μg/L,As(Ⅲ)、DMA、MMA和As(Ⅴ)的检出限分别为0.21、0.33、0.38、0.56μg/L,相对标准偏差为4.6%~5.5%,样品回收率为78.1%~94.4%。用该法分析了4种土壤样品中的砷形态。     

江苏省2013-2016年臭氧时空分布特征

利用2013-2016年江苏省国控空气自动站获得的臭氧（O₃）观测数据,探讨江苏省O₃时空变化特征。结果表明,自2013年以来江苏省大气氧化剂OX （O₃和NO₂）和O₃浓度呈逐年升高趋势,升高速率分别为0.98×10^-9a^-1和3.70 μg/（m³·a）,O₃增幅在我国处于较高水平。在O₃空间分布上,东部沿海O₃浓度相对高于西部内陆,O₃浓度高值由沿海地区逐渐向内陆辐散,呈现出区域性O₃污染。结合经验正交分解进行聚类统计检验,结果显示江苏省O₃分区主要分为苏南、苏中和苏北3类,与江苏省经济发展水平表现出一定的同步性。     

江苏省区域空气质量多模式预报预警系统研究与设计

围绕江苏省大气污染日益严峻的形势,设计了江苏省区域空气质量多模式预报预警系统,系统主要由数据中心、计算中心、分析展示中心、预报中心4个部分构成,运用了多模式集合预报、数据仓储联机分析处理、数据挖掘及智能关联等关键技术。系统的建成将为江苏省各级政府和相关单位决策层制定区域联动的大气污染防控措施,采取针对性的应急处置措施提供科学、及时的技术支撑。