Prediction of Particulate Loading in Exhaust from Fabric Filter Baghouses with One or More Failed Bags

Abstract

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a bag-house equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

基于收益共享契约的集群供应链合作创新研究

探讨了集群供应链企业的供应链协同决策.通过建立一个由集群中的制造商和供应商组成的两级供应链,分析了制造商的市场力量对制造商和供应商的R&D活动和收益共享契约的影响.结果表明,集群中制造商市场力量过大会降低制造商的创新动力而增加供应商的创新动力,同时双方签订的收益共享契约决定制造商给供应商支付数额的收益共享系数也会降低.     

Simultaneous measurements of arsenic and sulfide using diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a dynamically passive sampling technique which has been applied increasingly to the environmental monitoring field. In the preliminary period, the DGT with zirconium hydroxide-silver iodide as the binding phase (ZrO-AgI DGT) has been developed for the determination of sulfide (S(II)). On this basis, this paper developed its determination method for inorganic arsenite (As(III)) to further realize the simultaneous and high-resolution measurements of labile inorganic As and S(II) in sediments. ZrO-AgI binding gel had a strong ability in adsorbing and fixing As(III), showing a linear increase in the initial 12.5 min. After saturation of S(II) on ZrO-AgI binding gel, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of As(III) reduced by 8 and 14%, respectively. A stable elution rate (89.1 ± 2.2%) was obtained by extraction of As(III) on the binding gel using a mixture solution of 1.0 M NaOH and 1.0 M H₂O₂ (1:1). The DGT capacity of As(III) determined by the ZrO-AgI DGT was 23.6 μg cm^?2. DGT uptakes of As(III) were independent of pH (4.0–9.0) and ionic strength (0.01–100 mM), and they did not interfere with each other during the uptake process. Simultaneous measurements of labile As and S(II) in four sediment cores of Taihu Lake (China) with ZrO-AgI DGT showed that they had similarly vertical distributions in the top 16-mm layer in one core and in the whole profile up to the 35 mm depth in two cores. It likely reflected a simultaneous release of As and S(II) in sediments by synchronous reduction of As-hosted oxidized iron and sulfate, respectively. The simultaneous decreases of labile As and S(II) from their co-precipitation (e.g., As₂S₃) were not obvious in deeper sediment layer through the measurement with ZrO-AgI DGT.     

Nutrient removal from biogas slurry and biogas upgrading by microalgae-fungi-bacteria co-cultivation under different carbon nanotubes concentration

In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, Ganoderma lucidum, and endophytic bacteria were co-cultivated with the stimulation of strigolactone analogs GR24 to prepare pellets. During the purification of biogas slurry and biogas, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced to enhance the removal efficiencies of nutrients and CO₂. The results showed that both GR24 and MWCNTs affected the purification of biogas slurry and biogas. The maximum chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and CO₂ removal efficiencies of the Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts were 82.57 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), 82.14 ± 7.87% (P < 0.05), 84.27 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), and 63.93 ± 6.22% (P < 0.05), respectively, with the induction of 10⁻⁹ M GR24 and 1 mg L⁻¹ MWCNTs. Moreover, the growth and photosynthetic performance of the symbionts were consistent with the removal effects. The Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts obtained high growth rates and enzyme activity with the maximum growth rate of 0.365 ± 0.03 d⁻¹, mean daily productivity of 0.182 ± 0.016 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹, and carbonic anhydrase activity of 31.07 ± 2.75 units, respectively. These results indicated that an appropriate concentration of GR24 and MWCNTs could promote the growth of symbionts, reinforce the purification effects of biogas slurry and biogas, and provide a new idea for the simultaneous purification of wastewater and biogas.

     

Heavy metal exposure has adverse effects on the growth and development of preschool children

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) in the PM2.5 and...     

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤定温与差温探测方法

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统应用于火灾监测有独特的优势,弥补了传统感温探测器的不足。介绍了基于拉曼散射的测温原理及基于光时域的空间定位原理,并进行了火灾预警实验,实验结果表明当建筑物高度在一定范围内,基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统可以很好地实现火灾预警功能。     

基于马尔科夫灰色残差GM(1,1)模型的火灾损失预测

科学地预测火灾事故及其损失,对于制定火灾防控措施具有重要的现实意义。应用基于马尔科夫的灰色残差GM(1,1)模型,对2002—2011年全国火灾损失进行模拟和预测,结果表明,该模型预测精度明显高于GM(1,1)模型,为火灾损失的预测提供了一种简单而可靠的新途径。     

Sometimes less is more: Directed coping with interpersonal stressors at work

Within the coping literature, researchers have long been interested in identifying ways in which individuals can improve their coping efforts, making them more effective and thereby reducing the harmful effects of stressful encounters. Although Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model has greatly advanced understanding of the coping process, there continues to be methodological and conceptual challenges that have hindered understanding of the mechanisms behind effective coping. Addressing these issues in the use of a novel approach of analyzing variation in coping (i.e., directed coping) at both the coping event and person coping levels, the current study examined the process of coping with work stress and the beneficial coping outcomes associated with using a directed coping strategy. A total of 143 nurses completed up to 12 weekly surveys online, reporting on weekly stressful interpersonal conflicts and how they coped with them. Results from multilevel analyses supported predictions that greater directed coping at both the level of the coping event and person is associated with improvements in occupational health outcomes even after controlling for other coping factors. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to future research on coping effectiveness and workplace applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双酚A与其替代品对黑斑蛙急性毒性的比较

双酚F(BPF)和双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)替代品广泛使用,然而有关BPF和BPS的毒性数据非常有限。采用系列浓度的BPA、BPF、BPS溶液,暴露黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪96 h,通过半致死浓度(LC50)、最小生长抑制浓度(MCIG)和致畸率等指标比较3种化合物的急性毒性。结果显示:100 mg·L-1BPS未导致黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪畸形和死亡。BPA和BPF对黑斑蛙胚胎的96h-LC50分别为7.68 mg·L-1和7.99 mg·L-1,MCIG分别为4.47 mg·L-1和4.77 mg·L-1,最大致畸率为33.33%;对蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为9.00 mg·L-1和9.52 mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价准则》的毒性分级标准,判定BPA和BPF的毒性等级为中毒,BPS的毒性等级为低毒。表明BPF急性毒性与BPA相当,BPS急性毒性低于BPA。本研究数据可为BPF、BPS作为BPA替代品的生产和使用以及相应的环境管理提供毒理学参考。