页岩气增产采出水处理方法研究

针对页岩气增产采出水易起泡,难以平稳蒸发脱盐的问题,利用"预处理+多效蒸发"处理方法,对井站两种不同性质的采出水进行中试,连续监测各工艺单元处理后水质及蒸发出水水质。结果表明:通过破乳混凝、催化氧化、电荷中和及除硬等步骤,能够完全消除泡排水起泡性;中试稳定运行7d,两种泡排水蒸发出水水质稳定,COD浓度<55mg/L,NH4^+-N浓度<18mg/L,满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准;Cl^-浓度<21mg/L,满足DB 51/190-1993《四川省水污染物排放标准》要求。     

双酚A替代品与双酚A对非洲爪蛙急性毒性及其应激响应的比较

双酚F(bisphenol F, BPF)和双酚AF(bisphenol AF, BPAF)作为双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)的替代品已被投入生产和使用,然而目前有关BPA替代品毒性的数据还很缺乏。本文从急性毒性和应激响应2个方面比较了BPF、BPAF与BPA对非洲爪蛙蝌蚪的毒性。结果表明,48 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))顺序为BPF(11.01 mg·L~(-1))>BPA(7.54 mg·L~(-1))>BPAF(2.87 mg·L~(-1));对氧化应激水平的影响BPAF强于BPA,BPF与BPA相近;BPA和BPAF对热休克蛋白基因表达水平有影响,BPF没有影响。本研究提示,BPAF作为BPA的替代品,其毒性强于BPA,而BPF与BPA类似。     

Response of extracellular and intracellular alkaline phosphatase in Microcystis aeruginosa to organic phosphorus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanobacterial blooms caused by Microcystis have become a menace to public health and water quality in the global freshwater ecosystem. Alkaline...     

超声 — 溶菌酶协同处理强化纺织印染污泥脱水性能研究

污泥脱水是实现污泥减量和减容的关键处理工艺。以纺织印染污泥为研究对象,考察超声能量密度和超声时间对超声—溶菌酶协同处理纺织印染污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,适当的超声能量密度和超声时间能够对印染污泥脱水产生积极作用,且超声预处理的最佳工况为超声能量密度2.0W/mL、超声时间20min。在最佳工况下泥饼含水率为62.3%,污泥比阻(SRF)为(3.21±0.12)×10~(12)m/kg。溶胞效率表现为超声—溶菌酶协同处理超声处理溶菌酶水解。污泥经过超声—溶菌酶协同处理后,体积减小近50%,脱水性能明显改善。     

Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

In this study, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was exposed to the increasing concentrations of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent (MSTPE) for 15 days, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), together with the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver of C. auratus were investigated. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach was applied to assess the adverse effects of MSTPE in freshwater. The aim of the study was to provide an effective biological indicator for evaluating the toxicity effects and ecological risks of MSTPE in the freshwater environment quantitatively. Results showed that MSTPE could cause oxidative damage to the liver of C. auratus, which reflected through the increasing MDA content over the exposure period. MSTPE also led to the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense in C. auratus liver, such as the enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as the inhibition of AChE activity and GSH content. It was found that MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH could be used as the biomarkers for reflecting the adverse effects of MSTPE in the receiving freshwater on the 12th day of exposure. A significant increase of IBR values was observed as the increasing concentration of MSTPE, and the IBR values presented a significant positive correlation (r?=?0.891, P?<?0.05) with the increasing concentrations of MSTPE, indicating that IBR approach is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity effects of MSTPE in environmental freshwater.

     

Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...     

基于风险修正的城市安全风险评估方法及应用*

为推动实现城市安全风险的系统化、信息化管理,基于我国城市安全风险管理的要求与特点,总结城市安全风险评估的分层分类原则、突出固有风险原则和合理修正原则等基本原则;提出“点位-行业-区域”逐层展开的城市安全风险评估程序,明确各层级的评估要点;提出城市安全风险评估方法,分别制定点位、行业风险修正规则,结合风险参数与情景构建开展基于风险矩阵法的点位风险评估和行业风险评估,采用加权计算法由行业风险评估结果叠加评估区域风险。结果表明:该方法能够从不同角度有效评估城市的风险状态,为不同层级的城市安全管理者明确风险管控重点提供决策依据。     

倾斜特厚煤层采空区孔隙率分布规律研究*

为了研究倾斜特厚煤层综放开采采空区孔隙率分布规律,确定采空区高位钻孔位置,有效治理采空区瓦斯灾害,以硫磺沟煤矿9-15（06）工作面为例,采用UDEC数值模拟软件研究采空区覆岩垮落和裂隙演化规律,根据采空区覆岩下沉量,计算得到采空区孔隙率三维分布规律。研究结果表明:倾斜特厚煤层采空区覆岩位移云图在垂直方向呈3段分布,以距离工作面底板23 m和80 m为分界线,位移矢量密度显著降低,冒落带高度为23 m,与经验公式25 m基本一致,大于薄、中厚和厚煤层;受倾角影响,垮落矸石滑移、充填采空区下端,覆岩下沉量呈非对称椭圆形,中上部下沉量最大;冒落带孔隙率在上、下隅角处最大,中上部最小,随着覆岩高度增加,采空区边缘处和深部孔隙率差值逐渐减小。研究结果为倾斜特厚煤层采空区瓦斯抽采高位钻孔的布置提供了理论基础。     

兽药抗生素潜在生态效应及其环境行为

在集约化畜禽养殖过程中,兽药抗生素被广泛地作为饲料添加剂,用于预防和治疗动物疾病以及促进动物生长。本文介绍了兽药抗生素在国内外的发展形势及其随着畜禽粪便排出体外的抗生素在环境中的残留和生态效应。最后,论述了兽药抗生素在环境中的行为特征,并重点介绍了在土壤中的降解行为和吸附解吸特征。