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111.
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为研究2014年华北平原在夏收期间气溶胶污染的时空分布特征及形成原因,对2014年6月MODIS卫星的华北平原的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比(FMF)、火点分布及后向轨迹进行了分析.结果表明,2014年6月华北平原的气溶胶光学厚度值在1.2~2.0之间,远高于年平均值1.0~1.2,而6月的火点分布主要集中在6—14日,此阶段的气溶胶光学厚度值高于6月6日前及14日以后的气溶胶光学厚度值.在两个特定研究区——华北南部及长三角地区,通过对6月的3个阶段的细粒子比进行分析,发现火点集中阶段细粒子排放增多,确定此次污染极有可能是由秸秆燃烧造成.在火点集中时期,两个研究区的后向轨迹说明,污染主要来自火点分布密集区域,进一步确定了秸秆燃烧是华北平原在夏收期间的主要污染源之一. 相似文献
113.
Hong Lei Xue Chen Shuang Guan Yang Liu Xuefeng Ding Zichen Wang 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(2):217-221
High production cost is the key issue of biodiesel industry nowadays. To low down the cost, using low-quality lipids feedstock
is the most effective way. Two-step process is vastly applied to deal with those low-quality lipids to produce biodiesel.
However, environmentally unfriendly wastes are formed during the process. Here we use calcium oxide residue and wastewater
from biodiesel production to produce nanostructured calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by carbonation at ambient temperature. The results show that CaCO3 is hydrophobic and has broccoli-like morphology. It is made up of many uniform nano-rods, and each rod is composed of smaller
particles with diameters about 50 nm. The idea of wastes utilization could make the biodiesel production process environmentally
friendly, and the income of the produced CaCO3 could further low down the cost of biodiesel production. 相似文献
114.
Jianzhong Zhao Wei Liu Rongrun Ye Xuefeng Lu Yubi Zhou Yueqin Yang Min Peng 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2013,44(6):484-491
Responses of reproduction and IV (important value) of dominant plant species in different PFT to warming were studied at a Kobresia meadow in the Tibetan Autonomous State of Qinghai Province, China (37°29′–37°45′ N, 101°12′–101°33′ E, 3900 m asl) using the temperature gradient method formalized by the ITEX. Responses of Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis (Gramineous PFT) to increasing temperature were similar. The numbers of tillers, buds and IV increased in the chambers treated with higher temperature compared to the control without treatments (CK). Responses of Kobresia humilis and Carex alrofusca (Cyperaceae PFT) to increasing temperature were different, that is, the numbers of tillers and IV reached the maximum in different temperature among species, the numbers of buds decreased with the temperature increasing. The number of buds and IV of Lagotis brachystachya (Forbs PFT) decreased with the warming, but the number of stolons was initially large, and then decreased with increasing temperature. The number of buds of Ranunculus brotherusii (Forbs PFT) increased with the temperature increasing in the first year, but decreased in the second year; and IV decreased with the temperature warming. Under conditions of continued warming in the future, PFT structure will be significantly changed, Cyperaceae PFT dominant plant species original position will be replaced by Gramineae PFT dominant plant species. Cyperaceae plants will become the dominant species, and some species belonging to Forbs PFT will be eliminated from the community. 相似文献
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116.
Fan Yang Dongbin Wei Ming Xiao Xuefeng Sun Qiaorong Guo Yi Liu Yuguo Du 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):93-101
Benzophenone-type UV filters are a group of compounds widely used to protect human skin from damage of UV irradiation. Benzophenone-4 (BP-4) was targeted to explore its transformation behaviors during chlorination disinfection treatment in the presence of iodide ions. With the help of ultra performance liquid phase chromatograph and high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, totally fifteen halogenated products were identified, and five out of them were iodinated products. The transformation mechanisms of BP-4 involved electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized into esters and further hydrolyzed into phenolic derivatives. The desulfonation and decarboxylation were observed in chlorination system either. Obeying the transformation pathways, five iodinated products formed. The pH conditions of chlorination system determined the reaction types of transformation and corresponding species of products. The more important was that, the acute toxicity had significant increase after chlorination treatment on BP-4, especially in the presence of iodide ions. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with BP-4 and iodide ions, iodinated by-products could be detected. 相似文献
117.
Hong He Guangyan Xu Wenpo Shan Yunbo Yu Yulong Shan Xiaodong Wu Ye Wu Shaojun Zhang Liqiang He Shijin Shuai Hailong Pang Xuefeng Jiang Heng Zhang Lei Guo Shufen Wang Feng-Shou Xiao Xiangju Meng Feng Wu Dongwei Yao Yan Ding Hang Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):15-29
Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China. Hence, the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard. To fulfill this stringent legislation, two major technical routes, including the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction (SCR) routes, have been developed for diesel engines. Moreover, complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed, including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for controlling carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) for particle mass (PM) emission control, SCR for the control of NOx emission, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) for the control of unreacted NH3. Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard, the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system. In the future, aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles. 相似文献
118.
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in1980 s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included:(1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China,(2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs,(3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process,(4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs,(5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and(6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health. 相似文献
119.
本文系统回顾了新冠肺炎疫情的发生、传播、爆发,以及下一步发展等问题的客观现状,在此基础上深入探讨了重大安全风险事件的形态新颖性、发生意外性、发展爆炸性、演变复杂性等特征。结合对特征的认识,本文给出了针对重大安全风险事件治理者在防灾、备灾、抗灾、救灾方面的启示与建议。 相似文献
120.