苏州工业园区恶臭气体处理新技术

恶臭气体污染已经严重影响了人们的生活。工业区与居民区共建的现象导致恶臭问题投诉较多,如何解决恶臭已成为环境热点问题。主要介绍了几种恶臭处理的新方法,以期能对企业起到参考作用。     

基于氮掺杂碳量子点的制备及其对Hg2+的响应

以乙二胺和抗坏血酸为原料,通过一步水热法制备了水溶性的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs).研究了N-CQDs的形貌特征、光学性能和应用分析.表征结果说明,N-CQDs形态为均匀分散的球形,有明显的晶格条纹,抗光漂白性能良好,表面富有含氧官能团,具有良好的水溶性.此外发现N-CQDs还具有优良的荧光性能和荧光稳定性,量子产率可以高达12.29%.分析得出,Hg²⁺对N-CQDs在1.0—120μmol·L^-1范围内有一定的猝灭效应,可作为Hg²⁺的荧光探针,检出限达230 nmol·L^-1.     

Air pollution: formation of brown,lighting-absorbing,secondary organic aerosols by reaction of hydroxyacetone and methylamine

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution by industry and humans activities is a major health issue, notably in major cities. Secondary organic aerosols are formed by oxidation of volatile...     

基于Weibull分布的煤体强度计算研究

以往矿山压力计算中多数使用煤体试件测试强度代替煤体强度进行计算,计算结果往往具有较大误差,针对此类问题,采用理论分析、实验室实验、数值模拟,数据拟合等手段研究了矿山工程中煤体强度的计算方法。结果表明:煤的强度具有一定的尺寸效应,测试试件边长越大,其强度越低;根据其尺寸特征,应用RFPA软件中的Weibull函数功能,模拟求解并拟合得出煤体强度与均质度和原煤强度之间的关系。定义了煤样标准强度为边长或直径为50 mm的煤试件强度,拟合得出煤样标准强度与原煤强度和煤体强度关系的表达式,可据此理论计算矿山工程中的煤体强度。     

Measurement of black carbon aerosols near two Chinese megacities and the implications for improving emission inventories

Knowledge of the distribution and sources of black carbon (BC) is essential to understanding its impact on radiative forcing and the establishment of a control strategy. In this study, we analyze atmospheric BC and its relationships with fine particles (PM_2.5) and trace gases (CO, NO_y and SO₂) measured in the summer of 2005 in two areas frequently influenced by plumes from Beijing and Shanghai, the two largest cities in China. The results revealed different BC source characteristics for the two megacities. The average concentration of BC was 2.37 (±1.79) and 5.47 (±4.00) μg m^?3, accounting for 3.1% and 7.8% of the PM_2.5 mass, in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively. The good correlation between BC, CO and NO_y (R² = 0.54–0.77) and the poor correlation between BC and SO₂ suggest that diesel vehicles and marine vessels are the dominant sources of BC in the two urban areas during summer. The BC/CO mass ratio in the air mass from Shanghai was found to be much higher than that in the air mass from Beijing (0.0101 versus 0.0037 ΔgBC/ΔgCO), which is attributable to a larger contribution from diesel burning (diesel-powered vehicles and marine vessels) in Shanghai. Based on the measured ratios of BC/CO and annual emissions of CO, we estimate that the annual emissions of BC in Beijing and Shanghai are 9.51 Gg and 18.72 Gg, respectively. The improved emission rates of BC will help reduce the uncertainty in the assessment of the impact of megacities on regional climate.     

Measurement of aerosol number size distributions in the Yangtze River delta in China: Formation and growth of particles under polluted conditions

Particle size distribution is important for understanding the sources and effects of atmospheric aerosols. In this paper we present particle number size distributions (10 nm–10 μm) measured at a suburban site in the fast developing Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region (near Shanghai) in summer 2005. The average number concentrations of ultrafine (10–100 nm) particles were 2–3 times higher than those reported in the urban areas of North America and Europe. The number fraction of the ultrafine particles to total particle count was also 20–30% higher. The sharp increases in ultrafine particle number concentrations were frequently observed in late morning, and the particle bursts on 5 of the 12 nucleation event days can be attributed to the homogeneous nucleation leading to new particle formation. The new particle formation events were characterized with a larger number of nucleation-mode particles, larger particle surface area, and larger condensational sink than usually reported in the literature. These suggest an intense production of sulfuric acid from photo-oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the YRD. Overall, the growth rate of newly formed particles was moderate (6.4 ± 1.6 nm h^?1), which was comparable to that reported in the literature.     

危险废物安全填埋场的环境经济分析

遵循国家颁布的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治》、对工业固体废物中危险废物处理处置技术和方法进行系统研究,推荐采用安全填埋法处置工业危险废物。从环境经济角度论证安全填埋法方案可行性,采用效益费用分析法对实例进行分析,最终得出安全填埋法方案的实用性,可行性结论。     

秦皇岛水安全现状分析及对策研究

随着全球经济的飞速发展,全球生态环境安全已经成为人们日常关切的问题,在这样的前提下,水安全已成为生态安全方面一个重要的核心问题.从秦皇岛市水安全现状出发,探讨了影响秦皇岛市水安全的主要因素,并指出了由水安全问题引发的其他问题,分析了可以解决秦皇岛市水安全问题的解决对策.     

浅析室内空气污染

室内空气污染会引发呼吸道疾病,并对神经系统、免疫系统和肝脏都有毒害作用,还是多种流行病传播的媒介,已成为多种疾病发生率提高的主要致病因素,严重影响了人们正常的工作和生活.本文从消费、城市规划和政策法规的角度,分析了产生室内空气污染的主要原因;提出了可以从装修方案设计和建材选择、先进净化技术的采用、选择合理入住时间、健全室内空气质量监测指标、发挥政府调控作用、合理规划城市功能六个方面采取措施,进行室内空气污染的防治.为实现城市居民生活的安全、舒适、健康、美观提供了可参照的科学方法.     

薯类酒精醪液综合治理工程技术经济分析

在充分调查目前薯类酒精醪液治理工程的基础上，结合多年的实际工作经验和研究成果，提出了薯类酒精醪液治理达标排放的基本工艺流程，并对该基本流程的主要设计环节进行了技术经济分析。