Evaluation of ecosystem health for regional development in the southwestern Beijing, China

Ecosystem health assessment is one of the most important issues in regional ecological quality and safety studies. It also has a great significance to ecological conservation and regional development. This study focused on assessing the health status of forest, agriculture and urban ecosystems in the southwestern Beijing, China, including the Fangshan and Fengtai Districts. Based on field surveys and data collection, an assessment index system containing the vigor, organization and resilience factors was developed to measure the ecosystem health. Each index was scored from 1 to 5, representing five levels that contribute to the whole ecosystem health. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to measure the weights of each index and three factors, and thus an overall score for a certain ecosystem was calculated. The results show that the forest ecosystem in the Fangshan District had higher health value than the Fengtai District, while the urban ecosystem had a slightly lower value in the Fangshan District than the Fengtai District. Both districts show lower resilience values in forest and urban ecosystems. Maintaining the ecosystem health will definitely benefit the long-term development of two districts. This study suggested that an approach for assessing the regional ecosystem health could be further developed to address spatial and synergy relationships between ecosystems and the three health factors.     

Assessing cypermethrin-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

A series of tests (lethal,sublethal,and behavioral) on earthworms were conducted as an eco-assessment of pesticides.In this study,the toxicity of cypermethrin-contaminating soil on adult and juvenile earthworms was assessed.Beside the acute and chronic tests,an avoidance response test was carried out.It was shown that the all-round toxicity from cypermethrin was weak on adult earthworms.Compared with adult earthworms,the toxicity of juvenile earthworms from cypermethrin especially chronic toxicity increased...     

面向化学品风险预测的计算毒理学软件比较研究

化学品风险评价是进行化学品环境管理和污染防治的前提,其关键在于化学品环境暴露和危害性数据的获取。仅采用实验测试获取相关数据的效率较低、成本高,难以满足数以万计的化学品风险评价的需求。以定量构效关系(QSAR)模型为代表的计算毒理学技术,可实现化学品环境暴露与危害性参数的高通量预测,是填补相关数据缺失的重要方法。近年来,计算毒理学领域发展了一批面向化学品环境暴露和危害性参数预测的软件工具,集成了数据和模型资源,在化学品管理活动中发挥了重要作用。本研究共搜集了国内外25款计算毒理学软件,通过文献资料调研和软件试用,从开发背景、预测终点、预测方法、功能与信息完整度和内嵌模型预测性能等方面对软件进行分析比较。分析表明,化学品管理法规支持、多方合作和数据共享,是计算毒理学软件开发的重要基础条件。现有计算毒理学软件在预测终点覆盖度、预测结果可靠性、软件实用性和可拓展性方面仍有提升空间。未来相关软件的开发需要结合深度学习等先进建模技术,增强软件的预测性能并扩大其应用范围,使之成为化学品风险综合评价和决策分析的实用工具。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅻ)

第四十五类 金属卤化物 活性特点: 金属卤化物具有MX-n基团,按结构可分为离子型和共价型金属卤化物.在金属卤化物中,一般说,低价态的金属氟化物大都是离子型卤化物(因氟离子的变形性弱,只有高价金属的氟化物,如六氟化铀才成为共价化合物).     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅵ)

第十八类酰胺 活性特点: 酰胺具有RNH2C=O基团,比较活泼,具有很高的活性.酰胺可以通过铵盐加热部分失水而制取,也可以从酰氯、酸酐、酯与氨(胺)的反应来制备.     

基于线性溶解能关系预测污染物在被动采样材料与环境介质之间的分配系数

半透膜采样装置(SPMD)作为一种重要的被动采样器,被用于监测有机污染物的环境水平.SPMD的采样材料是置于低密度聚乙烯"口袋"中的三油酸甘油酯.根据有机污染物在被动采样材料与环境介质之间的平衡分配系数(包括被动采样材料/空气分配系数K(sA).和被动采样材料/水分配系数K(sw))值,可估算SPMD的采样速率,也可计...     

Potential solar radiation pattern in relation to the monthly distribution of giant pandas in Foping Nature Reserve, China

Solar radiation is an important parameter in ecological process modeling, hydrological modeling and bio-physical modeling. However, models focusing on solar radiation in relation to giant panda habitat and seasonal distribution are limited. The research aims to form spatial models of 12 month solar radiation patterns and to investigate the relation between the solar radiation patterns and the monthly distribution patterns of giant pandas. The solar radiation model of Kumar et al. was adopted for this study in Foping Nature Reserve (NR), China. By comparing twelve monthly solar radiation patterns and calculating statistics such as maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation of the solar radiation, diversified solar radiation patterns over different months were obtained. Maximum solar radiation occurred in June and July, while minimum solar radiation occurred in December and January. The annual sum of solar radiation was 6954 MJ/m² in Foping NR. The range in solar radiation was smaller in hot months and larger in cold months. Radio tracking data of giant pandas were collected for twelve months and the ensuing maps were overlaid with the twelve-month solar radiation map to analyze the relation between the giant panda's monthly distribution and solar radiation. Our results showed that giant pandas prefer areas with lower solar radiation in warm months and select areas with higher solar radiation in cold months, which illustrates that the distribution of giant pandas is indeed affected by solar radiation. To a certain degree, it also explains the behavior of seasonal movement by giant pandas in Foping NR.     

环境群体性事件的成因分析——基于对十起典型环境群体性事件的研究

通过对近5年来10起典型的环境群体性事件进行分析,旨在发现不同阶段引发环境群体性事件的原因,从而预防和解决环境群体性事件的发生,为人们营造一个和谐稳定的生活和工作环境。     

实验室模拟研究硫酸铵和甘氨酸对乙醇醛与胺反应体系生成棕碳的影响

二次有机气溶胶是有机气溶胶的重要组成部分。大气中羰基化合物与胺/铵反应可以产生吸光性有机气溶胶（如棕碳）,对大气辐射和全球气候产生深刻影响。本文模拟研究了大气中硫酸铵和甘氨酸对乙醇醛与胺（如甲胺、甘氨酸）反应生成棕碳的影响。通过对反应溶液紫外—可见吸收光谱和反应动力学分析,发现硫酸铵对反应体系棕碳的生成起抑制作用,而甘氨酸和甲胺的混合可以协同促进棕碳生成;通过对产物进行质谱分析,发现反应机理主要为半缩醛/缩醛反应以及含氮化合物的亲核加成;通过对产物有机碳进行分析,发现当硫酸铵参与反应时,有利于大分子二次有机碳生成。这些发现对棕碳在大气中的形成途径、乙醇醛在化学模型中对棕碳形成的贡献以及对大气中其他羰基行为的预测具有重要意义。     

Nitrogen process in stormwater bioretention: the impact of alternate drying and rewetting on nitrogen migration and transformation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen migration and transformation in the stormwater bioretention system were studied in laboratory experiments, in which the effects of...