Antimony(V) removal from water by iron-zirconium bimetal oxide: Performance and mechanism

A Fe-Zr binary oxide adsorbent has been successfully synthesized using a co-precipitation method. It showed a better performance for antimonate (Sb(V)) removal than zirconium oxide or amorphous ferric oxide. The experimental results showed that the Fe-Zr adsorbent has a capacity of 51 mg/g at an initial Sb(V) concentration of 10 mg/L at pH 7.0. Sb(V) adsorption on the Fe-Zr bimetal oxide is normally an endothermic reaction. Most of the Sb(V) adsorption took place within 3 hr and followed a pseudo second-order rate law. Co-existing anions such as SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and Cl^- had no considerable effects on the Sb(V) removal; PO₃^4- had an inhibitory effect to some extent at high concentration; while CO_₃^2- and SiO₄^4- showed significant inhibitory effects when they existed in high concentrations. The mechanism of Sb(V) adsorption on the adsorbent was investigated using a combination of zeta potential measurements, XPS, Raman, FT-IR observations and SO₄^2- release determination. The ionic strength dependence and zeta potential measurements indicated that inner-sphere surface complexes were formed after Sb(V) adsorption. Raman and XPS observations demonstrated that both Fe-OH and Zr-OH sites at the surface of the Fe-Zr adsorbent play important roles in the Sb(V) adsorption. FT-IR characterization and SO₄^2- release determination further demonstrated that the exchange of SO₄^2- with Sb(V) also could promote the adsorption process. In conclusion, this adsorbent showed high potential for future application in Sb(V) removal from contaminated water.     

陕北气田含醇污水综合治理室内实验研究

陕北气田生产中大多采用甲醇抑制水合物的形成,一部分甲醇溶于水相形成了含醇污水。含醇污水中的甲醇需回收循环使用,以降低天然气的生产成本。该含醇污水水质特点是矿化度非常高,油分和机械杂质含量也较高,pH值较低,同时溶解有一定量的CO2及O2,因此在甲醇回收装置运行中经常出现管线、设备腐蚀穿孔、精馏塔结垢堵塞等现象,严重影响装置的安全运行。针对以上问题在此提出用絮凝/缓蚀阻垢技术综合治理陕北气田含醇污水,含醇污水经处理后,总铁、H2S、机杂、油分含量大为降低;含醇污水对碳钢腐蚀速率可控制在0.15 mm/a以下,阻垢率达到100%,可以完全解决陕北气田含醇污水甲醇回收处理过程中存在的结垢、腐蚀、堵塞等问题。     

Working mechanism and experimental study of dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool

ABSTRACT

As oil and gas production gradually shifts to deep and ultra-deep formations, the pressure and complexity of stratum is increased and drilling efficiency is decreased. Based on this, a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method that can realize the different depth, diameter, and rotate speed coupling using only hole-bottom power is proposed in this paper. And a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool is designed, processed, and carried out to complete the field experiment. The tool is connected by a two-stage screw to make the rotate speed of a pilot bit higher than that of the reaming bit to increase the rate of penetration. And a concave bottom hole is formed so that the ground stress is released and the drillability of rock is lifted. Based on the introduction of the speed-up mechanism of the tool, the numerical analysis of the drilling performance of the tool with different diameter ratios and rotate-velocity combinations is completed. The experimental data showed that the Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method can obviously increase the rate of penetration and drilling efficiency, and also help to reduce the risk of stick-slip and prolong the service life of the drill bit.     

北京市生活垃圾处理的环境影响评价

目前北京市生活垃圾产生量不断增加,处理设施能力日渐不足,生活垃圾管理正面临着减量化与资源化必然趋势。在未来5～10年内,堆肥处理、焚烧处理和综合处理等方式将取代卫生填埋成为北京市垃圾处理的主要方式。本研究采用生命周期评价的方法,对北京市4处垃圾处理设施采用的不同工艺（卫生填埋、好氧堆肥、焚烧处理和综合处理）的环境影响进行比较。评价结果表明4,种处理方式中填埋、堆肥、焚烧和综合处理的环境影响负荷分别为4.82×10-2、1.10×10-21、.31×10-1和2.31×10-2,焚烧处理的总环境影响潜值最大,填埋处理次之,综合处理再次,堆肥处理最小。4种处理方式的资源耗竭系数分别为-2.39×10-51、.11×10-5、-3.45×10-4和-1.04×10-6,焚烧处理的资源耗竭系数最小。     

人工湿地组合工艺对太湖三山岛农村生活污水的脱氮效果

针对太湖三山岛农村生活污水分布面广而分散和水质水量不稳定,以及三级处理费用高等问题,提出了人工湿地组合工艺。以设计规模为1 000 m3/d、处理生活污水的工艺系统为对象,探讨了氮元素在系统中的去除效果、途径及其一级去除速率常数。结果表明,该工艺对NH+4-N去除效果较好,出水NH+4-N平均达到地表水Ⅲ类,TN平均接近地表水Ⅴ类;潜流人工湿地、好氧生态塘C、兼性生态塘A和表流人工湿地D对氮的去除量分别占组合工艺去除总量的52.05%、18.65%、16.65%和12.65%;组合工艺对NH+4-N和TN的平均一级去除速率常数分比别为(14.47±2.01)和(25.91±4.99)m/a。     

孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)迁地保护中的光合作用日变化特征与生理生态适应性

为了进一步廓清迁地保护条件下孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的光合生理生态适应性,在分析了瞬时光合效率的基础上,应用LI-6400光合作用测定系统测定了迁地保护试验区的四合木以及原生境伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的光合作用日变化,并测定了其生长量。结果表明:四合木实生苗的生长南北冠幅大小依次为乌海四合木核心区实生苗(26.48cm×27.26 cm)鄂尔多斯实生苗(21.27 cm×21.75 cm)阿拉善实生苗(19.25 cm×18.27 cm)。在原生境地乌海四合木核心区种植的实生苗与阿拉善实生苗之间的生长量存在显著差异(P≤0.01),与鄂尔多斯实生苗之间的生长量存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。迁地保护条件下四合木生实生苗植株叶片光合速率Pn日变化均呈"双峰"曲线。不同试验区四合木光合作用日变化(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均表现出明显的分异。迁地保护四合木条件下原生境地栽培的四合木实生苗的光合速率鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的光合速率阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。鉴此可以作进一步推论,孑遗濒危植物四合木从原生境地西鄂尔多斯核心区(乌海)东移进行迁地保护具有更高的生理生态适应性和生境适宜性。但完成"从种子到种子"进而实现"保存性和代表性",最终实现四合木迁地保护的"保持性和防止性",保持其遗传多样性和遗传稳定性,最终成功实现四合木的迁地保护仍有待作进一步探索和深入研究。     

低温种子聚合法制备磁载纳米TiO2光催化剂及其对苯酚的光催化降解

通过种子聚合法,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)处理过的纳米Fe2O4为磁核,在低温(95℃)、中性(pH=7左右)条件下,制备了一种磁载TiO2光催化剂.利用Zeta电位仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试方法对磁核的表面电位、催化剂的形貌、物相...     

六安市城市生活垃圾产量的预测

阐述了六安市城市生活垃圾产量预测的两种方法——根据人均垃圾日产量指标预测和根据垃圾年增长率预测。为缺乏相关基础资料的小城市探索了一些新的垃圾产量的预测方法。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅶ)

第二十二类硝基芳香族化合物 活性特点: 芳香族硝基化合物是指芳环上的氢原子被硝基取代后的化合物,具有ArNO2的结构.硝基是吸电子基团,由于与芳环相共轭,而使芳环钝化;但硝基对其邻对位上的取代基有明显的致活作用;硝基越多,致活作用越强,这就是碱催化致爆的内因.