南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅰ)广济寺森林群落学特征

根据我们对南岳广济寺森林群落的实地考察及其调查资料统计分析结果,发现该群落是一种尚未报道的新类型,即水丝梨+甜槠-尾叶山茶+花竹-蔓赤 车群丛(Association of Sycopsis sinensis+Castnopsis eyeri-Camellia caudata+Phyllostachys nidularia-Pellionia scabra)。该群落内有维管束植物69科116属149种;其属的区系是以热带性质成分为主,温带性质成分为辅,各占56.19％和43.81％;其种的区系成分以华夏、东亚、中国-日本和华东至华中等四种类型为主,同时本群落具有明显的华东至华中过渡交迭性质。在群落中木本植物和草本植物各占71.14％和28.86％,草本植物中的多年生和一年生类型各占22.82％和6.04％。本群落可以明显划分为乔、灌、草三个层次,每个层次又可以进一步划分为三个亚层。这一群落是中亚热带东部典型常绿阔叶林北部植被地理亚带中的常绿阔叶林,在演替过程中,群落仍将保持以水丝梨为优势种的常绿阔叶林,但其亚优势种——甜槠将可能会被多脉青冈、中华石楠、长叶石栎取代。     

废铁屑-改性粉煤灰联用处理铬渣渗滤液

针对铬渣严重污染环境问题,以"以废治废"为研究目标,采用室内静态实验方法,进行废铁屑-改性粉煤灰联用处理铬渣渗滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬实验研究。实验结果表明,废铁屑与聚合氯化铝改性粉煤灰联用处理Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬效果优于单独采用其中一种物质;处理Cr(Ⅵ)浓度208 mg/L、总铬浓度260 mg/L的200 mL高浓度含铬废水最佳反应条件为:反应时间30 min,总投加量40 g,配比为1:1, pH值4.1,对应Cr(Ⅵ)去除率99.93%,总铬去除率99.72%。处理后水质满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)要求。     

多效唑在鱼体内的分布,积累与类脂质含量相关性研究

实验水系统中，植物生长调节剂多效唑在鲤科类金鱼体内分布、积累的研究结果表明，＾３Ｈ－ＭＥＴ主要积累在鱼体消化系统；各器官／组织的积累量依次为：肠＞肝＞鳃＞皮＞肉＞骨；多效唑效生物积累因子（ＢＣＦ）和鱼体类脂质含量之间有较高的正相关性。     

从委托代理理论谈中国的环境影响评价制度

根据委托代理理论,分析了中国环境影响评价制度中存在的问题,立足于绿色招商的理念,理顺建设项目环评委托代理关系,明确了建设单位、环评单位、招商部门、环保部门等相互之间的关系和职责,以使中国的环境影响评价制度更适应新型工业化道路发展的要求。     

Flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: effects of multiscale heterogeneity of hydrogeologic properties

The heterogeneity of hydrogeologic properties at different scales may have different effects on flow and transport processes in a subsurface system. A model for the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is developed to represent complex heterogeneity at two different scales: (1) layer scale corresponding to geologic layering and (2) local scale. The layer-scale hydrogeologic properties are obtained using inverse modeling, based on the available measurements collected from the Yucca Mountain site. Calibration results show a significant lateral and vertical variability in matrix and fracture properties. Hydrogeologic property distributions in a two-dimensional, vertical cross-section of the site are generated by combining the average layer-scale matrix and fracture properties with local-scale perturbations generated using a stochastic simulation method. The unsaturated water flow and conservative (nonsorbing) tracer transport through the cross-section are simulated for different sets of matrix and fracture property fields. Comparison of simulation results indicates that the local-scale heterogeneity of matrix and fracture properties has a considerable effect on unsaturated flow processes, leading to fast flow paths in fractures and the matrix. These paths shorten the travel time of a conservative tracer from the source (repository) horizon in the unsaturated zone to the water table for small fractions of total released tracer mass. As a result, the local-scale heterogeneity also has a noticeable effect on global tracer transport processes, characterized by an average breakthrough curve at the water table, especially at the early arrival time of tracer mass. However, the effect is not significant at the later time after 20% tracer mass reaches the water table. The simulation results also verify that matrix diffusion plays an important role in overall solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain.     

矿井重大灾害危险性评价的改进灰色统计法

用灰色统计理论［１］研究了矿井四大灾害即冒顶、水灾、火灾和瓦斯爆炸的危险性预评价问题，提出了一种新的评价方法──灰色统计综合法。同时，从应用的角度出发对灰色统计的算法作了改进，改进后的算法便于记忆和应用。     

北京市机动车排放遥感监测分析

机动车排放遥感监测反映实际道路行驶中的排放状况,对全面分析排放水平有很强的统计意义。北京市机动车排放遥感监测的CO、HC和NOx的平均浓度分别为1.94%、388×10-6和700×10-6。北京市机动车排放的CO、HC和NOx中50%分别来自于15.90%、13.98%、11.13%的高排放车,但某车辆对于一种污染物出现高排放并不意味着它对其他污染物也是高排放。根据遥感监测得到北京市轻型汽油车基于油耗的CO、HC和NOx平均尾气管排放因子分别为200.1g/L、11.05 g/L和6.68 g/L。     

有机磷农药废水碱性水解生物处理技术

本文报道了碱性水解和生物氧化两步法,处理有机磷农药-乐果、甲胺磷生产废水的研究结果.废水经碱性水解后,COD和有机磷浓度基本不变,但可生化性有明显改善.在遵循常规生物处理必须满足的条件下,碱性废水进一步用间歇或连续活性污泥法处理.COD去除率90%左右,有机磷去除率85%以上,有机磷含量以毒性磷计小于0.5mg/L.深入考察了碱解剂种类、水溶液的pH和温度等各种因素对碱性水解的影响,结果表明:NaOH作碱解剂时的碱解速率比Ca(OH),提高28%;碱解速率随pH和温度的升高而增大,pH每增加一个单位,碱解速率增加2～11倍;温度每升高10℃,碱解速率增加2～5倍.     

岩豆凝集素的纯化及其分子残基的化学修饰和活性关系

岩豆种子经侵取、硫酸铵分级、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００分子筛层析，获得ＦＰＬＣ上单一的凝集素样品，对此纯化的凝集素样品用Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚胺、Ｎ－乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺、二流苏糖醇，碘乙酸和对氯汞苯甲酸修饰其分子内的色氨酸和巯基．经计算，该凝集素分子内含有４个色氨酸和２４个流基，当色氨酸被修饰后其凝集活性全部丧失，而巯基被修饰后对其凝血活性无任何影响，表明巯基与凝集素分子的凝血活性无关，而色氨酸则是凝集活性所必需的基团．     

Comparisons of three plant species in accumulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the atmosphere: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plant leaves play a key role in the accumulation of PAHs, as they are able to capture PAHs from the air. In this paper, the mechanism, including...