Impacts of policy related to structural adjustment of agriculture on grain supply in China

China's policy on structural adjustment of its agriculture is an effective instrument for increasing agricultural production and developing the rural economy. The policy interventions used included converting cultivated land from growing grain crops to cash crops and increasing the production of meat, eggs and milk. The impacts of these changes on grain supply between 1998 and 2004 are identified and quantified at national and regional levels. The data on cultivated land diverted to other purposes are presented for the benefit of the decision maker. The paper concludes that the policy had significant impacts on China's grain supply, which declined by 14.4% of the total grain output in 1998. However, nearly 40% of the cultivated land at national level could potentially be converted by 2010. Regional disparities in the extent of the reduction in grain supply and in land conversion are highlighted with reference to different economic conditions and policy directions.     

冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律试验研究

为提高冲击地压预测的准确性,应用自行研发的多通道电荷感应监测系统,对单轴压缩条件下冲击倾向性煤体变形破坏过程中力-电感应规律进行了试验研究。结果表明:冲击倾向性煤体的单轴抗压强度大,破坏失稳时间短,煤体失稳具有显著的突发性特点;冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值大于无冲击倾向性煤体的电荷波动幅值;冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量大于无冲击倾向性煤体的单位时间电荷量;冲击倾向性煤体表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数多于无冲击倾向性煤体的表面累积的自由电荷总量和单位时间内从煤体表面逃逸出来的自由电荷数;冲击倾向性煤体力-电感应规律曲线中存在一个冲击失稳的超前预警时间区域,该区域可为预测煤体发生冲击失稳做好预报准备。     

在用吊运熔融金属起重机主起升钢丝绳缠绕系统的优化研究

结合最新的相关安全规程要求,通过对在用吊运熔融金属起重机钢丝绳缠绕系统的分析、研究,依据起重机械设计规范,对不同工况下钢丝绳缠绕系统分别提出两套优化方案,并通过实际应用情况验证优化方案的可行性。     

Nitrous oxide generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process: main causes and control measures

Despite the many benefits of denitrifying phosphorus removal process, the significant generation of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas, remains a problem for this innovative and promising process. To better understand and more effectively control N₂O generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the main causes of N₂O generation, based on which the control measures were subsequently proposed. The results showed that N₂O generation accounted for 0.41 % of the total nitrogen removal in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, whereas, in contrast, almost no N₂O was generated in conventional denitrification process. It was further demonstrated that the weak competition of N₂O reductase for electrons and the high nitrite accumulation were the two main causes for N₂O generation, evidenced by N₂O production and reduction rates under different conditions. Accordingly, the reduction of N₂O generation was successfully achieved via two control measures: (1) the use of continuous nitrate addition reducing N₂O generation by around 91.4 % and (2) the use of propionate as the carbon source reducing N₂O generation by around 69.8 %.     

Synergetic decolorization and deodorization of sludge protein foaming solution by 60Co γ-ray irradiation/H2O2 oxidation

Sludge protein foaming solution was effectively decolorized and deodorized by gamma irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The existence of a synergetic effect on the decolorization and the deodorization was demonstrated by means of UV/vis spectrophotometry, chemical, and sensory analyses every 14 days during 98 days of storage. Furthermore, the foamability was measured using the Ross–Miles method. Results showed that color, odor, and foamability of irradiated samples under hydrogen peroxide oxidation were significantly improved. Sensory evaluation indicated that irradiated samples under hydrogen peroxide oxidation were better than nonirradiated samples in odor, and color. Finally, a preliminary cost analysis revealed that ⁶⁰Co γ-ray/H₂O₂ process was more cost-effective than the H₂O₂ alone.     

融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus Thunb）为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂（JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号）不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明：随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为：芦笛一号〉LBR-4〉JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

An empirical analysis on the impact of environmental regulations on pork trade:evidence from China

This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000 to 2008,and discuss the environmental acts on livestock pollution and income level to proxy environmental regulations.We use OLS regression and panel data with dummy variable in the cross-sectional GLS estimation.Our results indicate that the gap of environmental regulations between trade partners has a positive relationship with pork trade flows,and the difference in environmental regulations changes the traditional comparative advantage pattern to some extent.This paper provides convincing evidence for the pollution haven effect on livestock in China.     

Prediction of CO2 absorption by physical solvents using a chemoinformatics-based machine learning model

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rising atmospheric CO2 level is partly responsible for global warming. Despite numerous warnings from scientists during the past years, nations are reacting...