基于AHP和熵值法的辽宁省城市生态安全评价

随着社会经济的高速发展,生态安全问题越来越重要,它已经成为区域可持续发展的核心问题。以辽宁省的14个城市为研究区域,采用压力-状态-响应模型,选取了26个指标,运用层次分析法（AHP）和熵值法对其生态安全现状进行评价,结果表明：各个城市生态安全值位于0.31~0.8,生态安全水平差异较大。总体来说,沿海地区城市群生态安全较好,中部省会城市群生态安全次之,西部的朝阳、阜新等小城市生态安全较差。最后提出了辽宁省城市生态安全的对策。     

改性膨润土对模拟印染废水的动态吸附研究

膨润土吸附法处理工业废水是环境保护与治理中一个重要的研究领域,其分散性能好、颗粒小、比表面积大以及可改善性对处理各类难降解废水有重大意义。文章运用偏微分方程理论建立动态吸附模型,通过计算机语言进行建模和计算,并藉助Origin75软件进行数据曲线拟合,对一种优良改性膨润土固定床处理甲基橙模拟印染废水的实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：通过计算机拟合预测的数据基本符合实验结果,说明本文所述方法在改性膨润土吸附模拟染料的实验预测中具有良好的精度。     

编制企业级事故应急救援预案的探讨

强调了编写好企业级事故应急救援预案的必要性.探讨了编制企业级事故应急救援预案的步骤、内容及其注意事项.     

新疆色日克牙依拉克蛇绿岩特征及成矿远景

论文讨论了色日克牙依拉克蛇绿岩的岩石类型组合及岩石地球化学特征,结合区域地质情况分析认为:该蛇绿岩形成于裂谷—小洋盆环境,代表了塔里木板块和伊犁中天山微板块的最后缝合线位置。蛇绿岩出露地带,二辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩内均见有铬铁矿、磁铁矿等,局部地表见有镍华。因此,该地对于寻找铬、镍等矿床,有较大的潜力。     

原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的锡

AFS-9700双道原子荧光光度计测定环境水样中的锡,选择最佳的仪器条件:负高压300V,原子化器高度8mm,灯电流80mA,载气流量400ml/min,屏蔽气流量900ml/min。在最佳酸碱比例-体积分数为4.0%的硝酸介质与20g/L硼氢化钾中,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在1.00~10.0ug/L成线性关系,方法检出限为0.010ug/L,加标回收率为94.4%~105%,RSD(n=7)<2.3%。此方法更为简便,快速,灵敏度高,适用于环境水样中锡的测定。     

Preliminary study of groundwater denitrification using a composite membrane bioreactor

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate-containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO₃⁻-N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.     

污泥堆肥含水率监测方法的选择与探讨

城市污泥的堆肥过程中,快速、准确的含水率测定方法有助于掌握堆体腐熟程度和水分脱除进程,并据此进行工艺的优化和反馈调控.本文介绍了污泥堆肥的含水率监测方法及其优缺点.由于堆肥物料性质与堆肥环境的特殊性和复杂性,缺乏可直接应用的测定仪器,应根据物料性质、工况条件等选择合适的含水率测定技术,并对相关仪器进行改进.对于污泥堆肥的工程化应用而言,实时在线监测的原位含水率测定方法更适合指导工艺的调控和优化、提高堆肥效率.     

煤气湿式电除尘器洗涤水循环利用的研究

采用化学混凝、絮凝以及离子交换软化的方法处理钢厂煤气湿式电除尘器(ESP)洗涤废水,设计出小型、高效的废水处理及回用系统。以废水的SS、总硬度、总碱度为主要因子,在浓度分别为350,365,315 mg/L的条件下,经过两个主要单元的处理后,浓度可达7,75,70 mg/L,达到回用标准,降低了运行成本,环境效益显著。     

Impacts of continuously regenerating trap and particle oxidation catalyst on the NO2 and particulate matter emissions emitted from diesel engine

Two continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) with different configurations and one particles oxidation catalyst (POC) were employed to perform experiments in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate their effects on NO₂, smoke and particle number emissions. The results showed that the application of the after-treatments increased the emission ratios of NO₂/NO_x significantly. The results of smoke emissions and particle number (PN) emissions indicated that both CRDPFs had sufficient capacity to remove more than 90% of total particulate matter (PM) and more than 97% of solid particles. However, the POC was able to remove the organic components of total PM, and only partially to remove the carbonaceous particles with size less than 30 nm. The negligible effects of POC on larger particles were observed due to its honeycomb structure leads to an inadequate residence time to oxidize the solid particles or trap them. The particles removal efficiencies of CRDPFs had high degree of correlations with the emission ratio of NO₂/NO_x. The PN emission results from two CRDPFs indicated that more NO₂ generating in diesel oxidation catalyst section could obtain the higher removal efficiency of solid particles. However this also increased the risk of NO₂ exposure in atmosphere.     

高速铁路声屏障对居民环境影响的试验研究

以三种结构的高速铁路声屏障为研究对象,测量了高速列车通过有声、无声屏障两种状态下8个测点的声压值,并计算各测点等效连续A计权声压和声屏障的隔声量,结合GB3096-2008中规定的环境噪声限值进行声屏障结构对高速铁路周边居民的声环境影响评价。试验分析结果表明:声屏障不同程度改善了居民的声环境;由于试验所用的三种结构的声屏障隔声量离一般设计要求(20~25dB(A))相差太远,使得高速铁路周边环境噪声高于国家标准规定限值;声屏障结构改进应着力提高中低频噪声的隔声量。