国内石化企业过程安全管理对标分析

在参与美国化工过程安全中心(CCPS)过程安全管理对标的基础上,调研国际石化企业过程安全管理标准和实践,编制对标准则,对国内典型石化企业现场信息进行收集及对标,分析国内过程安全管理在工艺危害分析、设施完整性、变更管理、过程安全绩效指标、培训等方面存在的差距。     

基于系统动力学的辽宁省生态安全预警研究

基于P—S—R框架建立辽宁省城市生态安全预警评价指标体系,在此基础上,利用系统动力学方法构建辽宁省城市“资源-人口-经济-社会-环境”复合系统的生态安全预警模型,通过VENSIM仿真2010年至2020年的辽宁省城市生态安全预警指标趋势值,运用综合评价法对辽宁省14个城市进行生态安全预警评价。结果表明,未来10年生态安全预警评价结果分为3类：生态安全区、生态安全持续危险区和生态退化区。生态持续危险区和生态退化区属于生态安全预警区域,主要集中在辽宁省西北部。从辽宁省生态安全动态变化看,未来生态安全形势比较严峻。仿真结果表明基于系统动力学的生态安全预警结果可为辽宁省城市发展与建设提供一定的理论依据。     

Ti/RuO2-IrO2电极电化学方法降解溶液中TBBPA及其降解机理探究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是世界上产量和用量最大的溴代阻燃剂之一,在河流、底泥及污水中持久存在,严重威胁环境和人体健康.探讨了阳极为Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2电极的电化学法对溶液中TBBPA的降解效率,并考察了电流密度(5~20 m A·cm~(-2))、初始pH值(3~11)、极板间距(1~3 cm)及电解质浓度(1~40 mmol·L~(-1))对降解速率的影响.研究结果表明,TBBPA的降解遵循一级动力学方程,在溶液初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1)、电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)、电解质浓度为5 mmol·L~(-1)及极板间距为1 cm的条件下,60 min后TBBPA的降解率可达97.2%,且降解速率常数和半衰期分别为0.060 min~(-1)和11.6 min,能量消耗为105.3 k Wh·m~(-3).同时运用HPLC-MS/MS检测出中间产物双酚A(BPA)和2-溴苯酚,并推断其降解途径主要为在羟基自由基(·OH)作用下连续的脱溴过程中,苯环与异丙基之间的C—C键断裂生成BPA和2-溴苯酚.电化学法是一种高效的、有潜力的降解难降解有机污染物的方法,本文将为今后实际废污水中TBBPA的去除提供基础数据和技术参数.     

楼控系统中冷水泵节能优化控制分析

以某卷烟厂生产车间制冷站改造为例,通过对冷冻泵冷却泵的特性分析,提出具体节能优化改造措施.通过对水泵并联工况分析,提出相应的调频控制策略,增加旁通回路调节及水泵出口电动阀调节等技术手段,优化系统的工艺性能.通过对水泵优化控制,达到节能降耗的目的.     

关注液化石油气储存站的消防安全

辽河油田现有液化石油气储存站(以下简称"气站")6家,主要分布在城区内,气站占地面积、规模大小不一,储量为10～20m3为主。近几年,随着城市建设步伐的加快,城市发展和安全管理标准的提高,致     

Phosphorus runoff from sewage sludge applied to different slopes of lateritic soil

Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.     

Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi, China

A total of 168 PM₁₀ samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM₁₀ was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m^?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m^?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM₁₀, accounting for more than 50% of the PM₁₀ mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM₁₀. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM₁₀.     

郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨

本文通过对郯庐断裂带江苏段开展的野外调查、深部构造和运动学特征等方面的研究,结合近年来最新的研究成果,对郯庐断裂带江苏段的第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景进行了探讨.邦庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动具有东强西弱、北强南弱的特征;郯庐断裂带第四纪的逆冲活动主要受西太平洋弧后扩张的动力学因素控制;南华北与北华北地块深部构造特征和新构...     

高炉煤气高效曲板脱水装置的试验研究

提出了一种降低机械水含量的新型脱水装置,针对曲板脱水装置内两相流动复杂的问题,在改变结构和运行参数的情况下对曲板脱水装置的性能进行了试验研究,探讨了各影响因素对脱水效率和压力损失的影响。试验结果表明:曲板脱水装置的最佳气流速度为1.75～2.25 m/s,曲板间距为5～7.5 mm,斜板长度为200～250 mm,液气比为0.2～0.25 L/m3,水雾粒径为100～500μm时,可以获得最高脱水效率和最小压力损失。     

高炉煤气中粉尘浓度高精度测量系统的研究

粉尘浓度测量是高炉煤气回收利用时保证燃气轮机安全运行的一个必不可少的环节。深入研究不同因素对测量结果的影响,有助于提高测量装置的精确度。研究了纤维直径、粉尘平均粒径及采样时间等因素对测量误差的影响,结果表明:超细玻璃纤维有更高的粉尘收集效率;能很好地收集粒径在10μm以下的粉尘颗粒;粉尘最佳采样时间为5 min。通过对滤膜和滤筒等速采样装置在不同管道风速下的标准偏差值的计算,验证了该装置测量结果有重复性好的优点。