Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in China: a time-stratified case-crossover study

● A study assessing the temperature-injury relationship was conducted among students. ● The maximum risks of injury appeared at moderate temperatures. ● The temperature effect on outdoor falls was greater in older students. Although studies have suggested that non-optimal temperatures may increase the risk of injury, epidemiological studies focusing on the association between temperature and non-fatal injury among children and adolescents are limited. Therefore, we investigated the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal falls and road traffic injuries (RTIs) among students across Jiangsu Province, China. Meteorological data and records of non-fatal outdoor injuries due to falls and RTIs among students aged 6–17 were collected during 2018–2020. We performed a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the effect of ambient temperature on the risk of injury. Individual meteorological exposure was estimated based on the address of the selected school. We also performed stratified analyses by sex, age, and area. A total of 57322 and 5455 cases of falls and RTIs were collected, respectively. We observed inverted U-shaped curves for temperature-injury associations, with maximum risk temperatures at 18 °C (48th of daily mean temperature distribution) for falls and 22 °C (67th of daily mean temperature distribution) for RTIs. The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.193 (2.011, 2.391) and 3.038 (1.988, 4.644) for falls and RTIs, respectively. Notably, there was a significant age-dependent trend in which the temperature effect on falls was greater in older students (P-trend < 0.05). This study suggests a significant association between ambient temperature and students’ outdoor falls and RTIs. Our findings may help advance tailored strategies to reduce the incidence of outdoor falls and RTIs in children and adolescents.     

地震应急快速触发响应系统的需求分析与总体设计

介绍了中国数字地震观测网络项目应急分项软件"地震应急快速触发响应系统"的需求分析和总体功能设计,并对各子系统的技术实现方案以及软件的数据流程等内容进行了比较详细的说明。     

童装机械安全性检验与设计

本文分析了由于童装安全性不合格而被召回的案例,针对美国和欧盟的有关童装机械安全性标准,细化解析了标准中有关安全性设计的要求,以期为服装设计和生产提供参考。     

COD/SO42-值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响

采用间歇试验方式,研究了COD/SO₄^2-值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响.试验结果表明,COD/SO₄^2-值是影响厌氧消化处理效果的主要参数.本试验中,COD/SO₄^2->15,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器影响甚微;COD/SO₄^2-=5-15时,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器产生轻度抑制,相对产甲烷率为79.2%-94.7%;COD/SO₄^2-=0.5-5时,反应器受中度抑制,相对产甲烷率为61.6%-79.2%;COD/SO₄^2-<0.5时,反应器受严重抑制.COD/SO₄^2-≥1时,相对产甲烷率与COD/SO₄^2-值之间有很好的线性关系.     

我国污水资源化的现状分析与对策探讨

本文简述了国内外污水资源化的历史与现状、污水资源化常规技术及深度污水处理技术的发展与前景展望。对中水回用工程进行了技术经济分析,探讨了工业废水回用的可行性。提出了在我国进一步推广污水资源化措施的对策     

快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境空气中的全氟化合物

不同研究报道的空气中离子型全氟化合物(PFCs)的分析方法各不相同,本文的目的在于对比和优化不同分析条件。通过对比不同流动相(甲醇和乙腈)、不同色谱柱(C8和C18)、不同梯度洗脱条件下目标化合物的分离效果,确定了以甲醇为流动相、C18色谱柱为分离柱和最佳梯度淋洗液分离的仪器分析条件。比较了甲醇和正已烷/丙酮混合溶剂萃取气相(PUF)和颗粒相(GFF)样品的效果,确定以甲醇为萃取溶剂。建立了空气中PFCs的LC-MS/MS优化分析方法,方法线性范围在0.1~50 ng·m L~(-1)之间,PUF与GFF样品方法检出限分别为0.02~0.35 pg·m~(-3)和0.02~0.26 pg·m~(-3)。同时将方法用于大气实际样品分析。     

冷却塔塔筒荷载效应和简化设计方法——配筋计算流程的简化

为简化冷却塔塔筒配筋设计中的多风向计算问题,以某冷却塔为例,通过分析各荷载单独作用下的内力状态,包括各自的控制性内力、内力环向分布特征等,对各荷载尤其是风荷载的内力状态进行简化,并根据冷却塔塔筒的旋转轴对称设计原则,从而提出了一种配筋计算的简化方法。与常规方法相比,简化方法所得配筋量仅略有增加,但不仅避免了多风向的组合计算,还无需对整个环向进行配筋计算,在一个确定高度位置只需取一组内力进行配筋计算即可,大大降低了计算工作量。     

钢渣在建筑材料中的易磨性和稳定性研究

针对目前钢渣处理和钢渣综合利用中存在的问题,指出对钢渣实施改质处理是提高钢渣资源化率的有效途径。通过高温成分改质、电子束辐照改质钢渣,和对钢渣改质机制的研究,解决钢渣应用中的体积不稳定性、易磨性和活性问题。该技术的研究可为寻求大宗量应用钢渣的途径和开发出高质量的钢渣产品奠定基础。     

混合堆肥过程中容重的层次效应及动态变化

城市污泥、猪粪混合堆肥表明:升温期和高温期堆体容重分别为0.82g·cm^-3和0.66g·cm^-3,堆体内的氧气仍能满足微生物生长所需;降温期容重为0.58g·cm^-3,通气较充分;腐熟期容重为0.54g·cm^-3,通风充分.升温期和高温期仓门附近堆料的容重具有层次效应,降温期大部分堆料的容重具有层次效应,腐熟期堆体容重的层次效应减弱.升温期堆体中轴线附近、高温期仓内壁附近、降温期整个堆体、腐熟期仓门和中轴线附近,堆体深度对容重具有显著影响.升温期和腐熟期,仓门对容重产生显著影响.各堆肥期堆体的容重随深度的增加而呈增大的趋势,容重与堆肥时间满足二级动力学方程.     

城市景观河流夏季污染状况及营养水平动态分析--以天津市津河为例

以CODMn、氨氮、总氮、总磷和叶绿素a等为主要指标。对天津市一条典型的景观河流——津河进行了调查分析。结果表明,津河水质介于地表水环境标准(GB3838—2002)的Ⅳ和Ⅴ类之间,营养状态为重富营养。且在多个采样点出现蓝藻水华。水体中的各项指标的变化趋势为,CODMn与叶绿素a都是在7月达到最高,随后逐渐降低。总溶解性氮夏季变化曲线呈倒“S’形。7月最低。8月最高。河道上游总溶解性磷一直比较稳定,而下游在8月上旬急剧升高。藻类演替过程大致为粉末微囊藻-皮状席藻-多种蓝藻。与改造之初相比。水质状况有所改善。