This study emphasized on the removal performance of polychlorinated-ρ-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and mercury by different activated carbon injection (ACI) rates from a full-scale (700 t/d) MSW incinerator. The result exhibited that the emission standard of PCDD/Fs and mercury could be met when the ACI rate reached 50 mg/Nm3 and 30 mg/Nm3, respectively. Lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs and PCDFs showed higher removal efficiencies compared with highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs and PCDDs, which could be attributed to the larger competitiveness of highly volatile congeners in AC adsorption than the lower volatile ones. AC turned out to have different adsorption selectivity for CP-routes PCDD/Fs congeners, among which 1379-TCDD was preferred to be absorbed while others exhibited little or poor selectivity for AC adsorption. The removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs was positively correlated with ACI rate at 99% confidence interval with a linear relationship (R2?=?0.98). Also, the outlet concentration of mercury decreased with the increase of ACI rate in a nearly linear function (R2?=?0.96). These results will be meaningful for the rational use of AC for pollutants control.
ABSTRACTThis paper provides a theoretical model to explain the causality between China’s energy transition and capital deepening found by the empirical study. We prove that in the equilibrium, China’s energy transition is endogenously determined by capital deepening due to the homogeneity of electricity and the monopolistic competition features of China’s electricity market. Price effect, which is the effect of change in relative factor price, will affect energy transition only if the policy intervenes electricity price in terms of the primary sources from which it is generated. We propose that investment can promote energy transition by stimulating capital deepening which is biased to clean energy development. In this regard, our paper provides a new way of thinking for other developing countries to design an effective energy transition policy. 相似文献
• Effects of metabolic uncouplers addition on sludge reduction were carried out.• TCS addition effectively inhibited ATP synthesis and reduced sludge yield.• The effluent quality such as TOC and ammonia deteriorated but not significantly.• Suitable dosage retarded biofouling during sludge water recovery by UF membrane. Energy uncoupling is often used for sludge reduction because it is easy to operate and does not require a significant amount of extra equipments (i.e. no additional tank required). However, over time the supernatant extracted using this method can deteriorate, ultimately requiring further treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a low-pressure ultrafiltration membrane process for sludge water recovery after the sludge had undergone an energy uncoupling treatment (using 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS)). Energy uncoupling was found to break apart sludge floc by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Analysis of supernatant indicated that when energy uncoupling and membrane filtration were co-applied and the TCS dosage was below 30 mg/L, there was no significant deterioration in organic component removal. However, ammonia and phosphate concentrations were found to increase as the concentration of TCS added increased. Additionally, due to low sludge concentrations and EPS contents, addition of 30–60 mg/L TCS during sludge reduction increased the permeate flux (two times higher than the control) and decreased the hydraulic reversible and cake layer resistances. In contrast, high dosage of TCS aggravated membrane fouling by forming compact fouling layers. In general, this study found that the co-application of energy uncoupling and membrane filtration processes represents an effective alternative method for simultaneous sludge reduction and sludge supernatant recovery. 相似文献
• A new algorithm of two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model was built.• The migration and diffusion of TP was simulated.• The emergency measures for sudden water pollution accidents was proposed. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents in China’s rivers have become more frequent, resulting in considerable effects on environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and predict pollution accidents. Simulation and prediction provide strong support for emergency disposal and disaster reduction. This paper describes a new two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model that incorporates a digital elevation model into the geographic information system. The model is used to simulate sudden water pollution accidents in the main stream of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sectional velocity distribution and concentration change of total phosphorus are then analyzed under four hydrological situations. The results show that the proposed model accurately simulates and predicts the concentration change and migration process of total phosphorus under sudden water pollution accidents. The speed of migration and diffusion of pollutants is found to be greatest in the flood season, followed by the water storage period, drawdown season, and dry season, in that order. The selection of an appropriate water scheduling scheme can reduce the peak concentration of river pollutants. This study enables the impact of pollutants on the ecological environment of river water to be alleviated, and provides a scientific basis for the emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. 相似文献