硅肥对农田镉轻度污染水稻修复效果的研究

为探讨硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果,在田间试验条件下,研究了不同硅肥处理对Cd轻度污染农田水稻的修复效果。结果表明:不同硅肥处理可以降低Cd轻度污染农田中水稻糙米Cd含量,降幅为2.02%~16.00%,提高土壤pH值0.36~0.45,降低土壤有效态Cd含量,降幅为34.88%~45.47%,水稻产量增加3.63%~6.23%,基施与叶面喷施联合施用硅肥对农田土壤Cd污染的修复效果最好。     

间接电合成对甲基苯甲醛减废工艺

采用间接电合成法生产对甲基苯甲醛,不仅产品的产率高,而且由于实现了电解媒质的循环使用,使整个过程无废液排放,既节省了资源,又保证了环境。该法以对二甲苯为原料,其反应过程为：Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）电解氧化生成Ｍｎ（Ⅲ）;Ｍｎ（Ⅲ）氧化对二甲苯生成对甲基苯甲醛。上述反应,前者的电流效率较高,为８５％左右;后者的产品产率较高,约为６９％。     

Level,source identification,and risk analysis of heavy metal in surface sediments from river-lake ecosystems in the Poyang Lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations, sources, and risks of heavy metals (Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, W, Pb, and Tl) in sediments in five river-lake...     

ZnO纳米粒子抑制体外小鼠光感受器细胞MnSOD的表达及活性

随着纳米技术的发展,纳米材料在生物医药以及化工中已得到广泛应用。作为一类新型材料,其安全性也日益受到人们的高度关注。为探索氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粒子对小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞的毒性作用,本文通过MTT、荧光染色、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)等技术,分别对经不同浓度ZnO纳米粒子处理的小鼠光感受器细胞活性、活性氧水平、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD)的基因和蛋白表达及活性进行了检测。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子可通过诱导细胞线粒体产生过多的活性氧,降低线粒体膜电位,导致小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞损伤;ZnO纳米粒子能显著减少Mn SOD在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达,降低Mn SOD活性,加剧氧化应激介导的细胞损伤。因此,氧化应激水平的提高导致了过量的活性氧产生及Mn SOD表达和活性的下降,与ZnO纳米粒子引起的细胞毒性作用有关。     

隔音值班室降噪效果及对策分析

目前的炼油工艺都是连续性自动化生产,其操作人员的正常工作主要是在值班室通过监视仪表来控制装置。为了防止设备噪声对人体的危害,都修建隔音值班室。经过对炼油厂内的30个隔音值班室实际运行的调查、分析,提出了切实可行的有效对策。     

乳品生产过程中微生物污染的控制

根据乳粉生产过程中原料乳及加工过程中存在微生物的二次污染,论述了如何控制污染的措施。     

复合微氧水解-好氧工艺处理抗生素废水

介绍了复合微氧水解好氧工艺的工艺原理,分析了该工艺在抗生素废水处理中的特性。工程运行状况表明,该工艺抗冲击负荷能力强、环境条件好且易于管理,实现了难降解抗生素废水的综合处理。     

Heavy metal enrichment in the soil along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway in China

The pollutants that are discharged from roads and traffic have attracted much attention recently. Nonetheless, most studies have mainly focused on highways and seldom on railways. In this study, soil samples were selected at the embankment and perpendicularly at different distances (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 150 m) from the embankment bottom of the Qinghai–Tibet railway. Furthermore, soils were selected at four soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 30 cm) of each sample at the flat. The enrichment of nine heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Pb) in soils along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway was studied. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were highest at the embankment. The Cu concentrations in soils decreased by an S-curve-shaped function with increasing distance from the embankment, while Cd, Pb, and Zn decreased by inverse functions (p?<?0.0001). The concentrations of other studied metal did not show significant changes with increasing distance. After performing a statistical analysis, Pb, Cd, and Zn in soils were considered to be influenced by railway operations. However, the influence was weak and only spanned less than 5 m from the bottom of the embankment horizontally and 10 cm from the surface vertically. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in soils along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway were considered lower compared with those along other railways.     

微乳状液膜与乳状液膜分离废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的对比研究

利用正交优化试验所得最优配比方案,以三正辛胺(TOA)、仲辛醇和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体,Span-80为表面活性剂,正丁醇为助表面活性剂,煤油为膜溶剂制备微乳状液膜;以TOA、仲辛醇、TBP为载体,酸性兰-113为表面活性剂,煤油为膜溶剂制备乳状液膜.通过单因素扩大试验比较了微乳状液膜与乳状液膜对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的分离效果.结果表明,在相同条件下微乳状液膜对Cr(Ⅵ)具有更高的分离率.随着乳液用量的减少,微乳状液膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的分离率下降不明显,而乳状液膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的分离率明显下降,说明微乳状液膜具有更好的稳定性.