螯合剂在重金属污染土壤修复中应用研究进展

螯合剂在重金属污染土壤修复中具有重要的作用.文章结合国内外的研究成果和最新研究进展,从螫合剂对重金属的活化效率及其影响因素、螯合剂在土壤中风险评价、生物可降解性螯合剂S,S-EDDS在化学淋洗修复和植物修复中的应用等几个方面论述了国内外螯合剂的研究现状,总结了在螯合剂应用研究中存在的问题,同时指出必须对螯合剂对重金属在土壤中的存在形态的影响以及螯合剂对矿物元素的作用,螯合剂与污染土壤组分作用的微观机理等进行深入的研究.     

城市污泥不同处理处置方式的成本和效益分析--以北京市为例

以北京市为例,估算不同电价及运输距离下填埋、焚烧及堆肥等方式的城市污泥处理处置成本,在此基础上讨论各种处理处置方案的前景,展望北京市污泥处理处置出路。污泥填埋在一定时期内还将是主要处理处置方式,但所占比例将逐渐下降;堆肥是经济上较为可行的处理处置方式,适合大力推广;随着经济实力与技术水平提高,焚烧法可以适用于个别特殊地点。同时,分析了政府补贴对污泥处理处置效益的影响。     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

上海郊区表层土壤中DDT残留特征

为掌握上海市北部郊区农田表层土壤有机氯农药残留状况,在上海市宝山区的农田分布区域布设采样点,采集表层土壤样品,用美国EPA方法分析了土壤中DDT及其4种衍生物的残留量.结果表明,上海市宝山区农田土壤中平均DDT总残留量为0.057 mg·kg-1,DDT的4种衍生物p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT的平均残留量分别为0.032、0.007、0.018、0.000 mg·kg-1.该研究中大部分区域土壤DDT总残留量低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准限值,没有形成土壤DDT污染;但在DDT残留量最高的地块,土壤DDT总残留量达0.694 mg·kg-1,超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准限值,形成了一定范围的土壤DDT污染.在所有采样点中,有4个点位的p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE比值大于1,且其DDT总残留量也较高,说明这几块区域村在禁用期间又被新施加了DDT的可能.该研究可为有针对性地开展区域土壤环境保护和污染防治提供重要参考依据.     

鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤CO2浓度垂直分布

选取鼎湖山3种植被类型(季风常绿阔叶林,针阔叶混交林和马尾松林),按0～15,15～30,30～45cm土层取样,测量了各土层土壤有机碳(SOC)质量分数,熏蒸培养法测量了微生物生物量碳(Cmic),同时用气象色谱法测量了地表和土壤15、30、45、60cm处CO2体积分数,并用静态箱/碱石灰吸收法测量了土壤呼吸速率。结果如下:(1)随土层的加深,SOC质量分数降低,0～15cmSOC显著高于其他两层,季风常绿阔叶林SOC显著高于其他两种植被类型;(2)土壤碳密度和土壤有机碳含量垂直分布规律一致,0～15cm土壤碳密度显著高于其他两层;(3)0～30cm土层微生物生物量占总土壤微生物生物量的81%～92%,随土层加深微生物生物量迅速降低。微生物生物量和土壤有机碳的比值表明,三种植被类型土壤均处于土壤碳积累中,深层土壤碳积累程度高于表层;(4)土壤CO2浓度随土层的加深迅速升高,主要与土壤透气性有关。     

国内输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管采标情况分析

TSG 21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》对装卸软管的性能做出要求,但未明确给出相关检测采用的协调标准与引用标准.国内装卸液化石油气、天然气等软管主要采用橡胶软管,本文通过收集国内现行检测输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管的国际标准与国家标准,分析国内标准的采标情况,包括采标率、采标一致性程度、采标时效性,为检测...     

Antecedents of satisfaction and engagement of low-carbon bicycle-sharing using in China

Transport sector contributed numerous carbon emissions in China. It is important to promote low-carbon bicycle-sharing using in China. This paper aims to analyze the influencing factors of the satisfaction and engagement of bicycle-sharing in China. An extended model of customer satisfaction is established, which considers both customer satisfaction theory and customer engagement theory. We explore the different effect of convenience, health, safety, and facility on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using. We also explore the role of satisfaction on three different dimensions of engagement: enthusiasm, participation, and social interaction. Multi-group structure equation model is employed to explore the different roles of gender on the determinants of satisfaction and engagement of bicycle-sharing using. The findings reveal that facilities had the larger effect on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using than safety and health for male. Safety had the largest influence on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using for female, followed by facility, convenience, and health.

     

Effects of operating parameters on in situ NH3 emission control during kitchen waste composting and correlation analysis of the related microbial communities

Ammonia emission during composting results in anthropogenic odor nuisance and reduces the agronomic value of the compost due to the loss of nitrogen. Adjusting the operating parameters during composting is an emerging in situ odor control technique that is cheap and highly efficient. The effects of in situ NH₃ emission control were investigated in this study by simultaneously adjusting key operating parameters (such as C/N ratio, aeration rate, and moisture content) during the composting processes (C1–C9). Results showed that the average NH₃ emission concentrations for different treatments were in the order of C1 > C4 > C2 > C5 > C3 > C6 > C7 > C8 > C9. The total content of NH₃ emission (21.02 g/kg) in C9 (C/N ratio = 35, aeration rate = 15 L/min, and moisture content = 60%) was much lower than that (65.95 g/kg) in C1 (C/N ratio = 15, aeration rate = 5 L/min, and moisture content = 60%). The nitrogen loss ratio was 27.36% for C1, while 16.15% for C9. The microbial diversity and abundance in C9 and C1 were compared using high-throughput sequencing. The relationship between NH₃ emission, operating parameters, and the related functional microbial communities was also investigated. Results revealed that Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas, Methanosaeta, Rhodobacter, Paracoccus, and Sphingobacterium were negatively related to NH₃ emission. According to the above results, the optimal values for different operating parameters for the in situ NH₃ control during kitchen waste composting were, respectively, moisture content of 70%, C/N ratio of 35, and aeration rate of 15 L/min, with the order of effectiveness from high to low being aeration rate > C/N > moisture. This information could be used as a valuable reference for the in situ NH₃ emission control during kitchen waste composting.

     

Feasibility of iron scraps for enhancing nitrification of domestic wastewater at low temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of an effective approach to improve low-temperature nitrification of domestic wastewater remains an important issue that needs to be...     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.