PM2．5的污染特征及综合防治分析

大气污染严重,空气中尤以PM2.5对人健康损害最大。本文对PM2.5的来源、污染表征、国内外控制标准及综合防治措施作了基本概述,以期对读者有参考。     

蓝藻厌氧消化产沼气技术研究

为了实现太湖蓝藻的资源化和无害化处置,本文在中温（35℃）条件下对蓝藻与猪粪厌氧发酵产沼气进行了研究。在蓝藻与猪粪发酵最佳接种比例1：2、最佳初始pH7．9、最适发酵液浓度2．9％条件下,通过对所产甲烷的分析,得到回归方程B：4885（1-e-0.034565t）,模型的决定系数R2为0．9819,均方差（RMSE）为123,达到收敛判断标准。蓝藻的生物降解率（BD值）为54．4％。pH的变化范围在6．6～7．9之间,能够较好地反应蓝藻与猪粪混合发酵的水解阶段、产酸阶段和产甲烷阶段。发酵结束后,TS去除率达到22．2％,VS去除率达到25．2％。对发酵过程中COD和氨氮变化的研究表明：反应结束后,COD的去除率达87．44％;高浓度的氨氮对厌氧细菌的生长有一定抑制作用,但是并不影响沼气的组份。各反应器所产生的沼气中甲烷和二氧化碳的含量均能保持在50％和35％左右,最高甲烷含量达到70％。     

稻田表面流去除鱼塘养殖水中的氮、磷效果试验研究

池塘水质对水产养殖非常重要,本研究的目的在于探索稻田面流净化池塘养殖水质的技术途径。在养殖池塘旁稻田内布置9个小区,进行田间面流试验,取水样进行分析。结果表明：在1．5—6．0m^3／h（相应的平均流速为7．5～30m／h）的水力负荷下,鱼池水经稻田表面流处理后可得到一定净化;N、P的去除率与稻田表面流的流量（流速）有关,随流量增大呈减小趋势;在抽穗一扬花期稻田可有效减少养殖水的氮磷含量,在拔节期一孕穗期可显著减少NOf—N含量,有利改善池塘养殖环境。     

贵州找水工程高氟地下水分布特征及成因分析

通过对贵州省2007~2012年找水工程中所钻1 023口机井的水质资料收集分析可知:有34口机井的氟含量超标(1.02~3.72 mg/L)。本文以这34口机井为研究对象,从地理位置、地形地貌、地层岩性、涌水量、地下水类型等方面分析机井高氟地下水分布特征,并对其成因进行探讨,重点分析其水化学特征,对F-与其他组分进行相关性分析表明:其大致表现出F--Ca2+、F--SO42-、F--(总硬度-总碱度)、F--Ca2+/(K++Na+)彼此的正相关关系,与pH有关,而与其他离子的关系不明显。     

Spatial and seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Songhua River, China

The spatial and seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in water and sediment samples collected from Songhua River, China, from 2007 to 2008. The total concentration of PCB congeners ranged from 1.1 to 14 ng/l in water and 0.26–9.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediment. The results of seasonal variation may suggest an impact to PCB concentration in water from its atmospheric input, the dilution to PCBs concentrations of high stream in summer, and a general trend towards increased volatilization in warmer conditions. From PCBs concentrations comparison between upstream and downstream of industrial urban cities, it was obvious that industrial urban cities reflect an important pollutant source for PCBs in our study, also with the evidences of high concentrations of PCBs occurring in high development industry and residential areas. Meanwhile, the homologue profile of PCBs in Songhua was analyzed, whose comparison with published data indicates that the sources of PCBs accumulated in the sediment may also came from the residue of PCBs production in China. Total five dioxin-like PCBs (CB-77, 81, 105, 114, and 126) and nine (CB-77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, and 167) were found in Songhua water and sediment.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ecotoxicological characterization of sediments from the Huaihe River, China

The distribution, source, ecological risk and ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of sediments from 7 sampling sites, named as Xinyang (XY), Huainan (HN), Bengbu (BB), Xuyi (XuY), Fuyang (FY), Mengcheng (MC) and Zhengzhou (ZZ), in the Huaihe River basin, China, have been investigated. The total concentrations of 16 USEPA priority PAHs ranged from 62.9 to 2232.4 ng g?1 dry weight (d.w.) with a mean concentration of 1056.8 ng g?1 d.w. Through the assessment of ecological risk, we found that the levels of PAHs in the Huaihe River should not exert adverse biological effects. The total benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values calculated for samples varied from 0.01 to 194.1 ng g?1 d.w., with an average of 65.9 ng g?1. The toxicity data were accordant with the chemical analysis results in this study. HN, BB and ZZ showed the greatest pollution extent both in the chemical analysis and the study of ecotoxicological effects.     

抗生素药生产废水处理工艺改进研究

企业抗生素废水经原有工艺处理后污染物指标偏高,且不稳定。工艺通过采用增加初沉池和二沉池、污泥回用等改进措施,COD、氨氮等排放浓度下降且稳定排放,改进效果明显。     

Implementing real-time grouping for fast egress in emergency

Mass events such as the Olympic games or popular entertainment gathering often attract hundreds of thousands of people. If an abrupt event (e.g., fire, bomb threat) prompts people to rush to exits, stampedes may occur, creating secondary damages. Thus quickly dispersing crowd population to safe places in the least time while managing to avoid congestion and/or stampede is an important task with the occurrence of such events. This study presents an optimal evacuation model to meet this goal. By identifying some key themes that contribute to crowd disasters, the model implements a real-time concurrent grouping to ensure at-risk people are guided to safe places in the least time. The underlying rationale of the strategy is to advocate that competition should be replaced with coherence, and people should coordinate and collaborate to move out in an orderly way through scientifically using multiple routes. In doing so, each person receives an equal opportunity to exit the incident site, and the general effectiveness of performing an evacuation is achieved to an optimal level.To verify the proposed method, we conduct a simulation in which we compare our method with two benchmark cases: random self-evacuation and herding behavior. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can rescue people at risk much faster and more safely than two benchmark cases. We implement the proposed model through a web-based wireless decision support system, which provides a useful tool to both first responders and people affected for time-based crowd management in response to an ongoing crowd incident.     

数字水印技术在古典家具数字博物馆版权保护中的研究

近年来,古典家具越来越受到人们的青睐。但是目前还未见有关针对古典文物家具数字博物馆的相关研究报道。本文首先介绍了数字博物馆的特点以及所构建的明清古典文物家具数字博物馆,然后运用基于混沌理论的Logistic映射置乱方法对水印图像进行加密,以及变换域算法中基于DCT域的数字水印方法对数字博物馆的数字图像进行了版权保护,并利用Matlab软件进行水印图像的嵌入、提取和检测实验,取得了较好的效果,说明数字水印技术在文物家具图像版权保护方面具有很好的作用。