Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

上海市区排水管道通沟污泥处理处置探讨

介绍了上海市排水管道通沟污泥处理处置现状及存在的问题.就如何合理有效的处理处置市区通沟污泥,从拓展污泥处置出路、建立污泥中转体系、出台配套管理措施等3个方面提出了对策建议.     

基于模糊综合评价的流域社会经济活动对太湖生态影响评价研究

太湖是我国的五大淡水湖之一。太湖流域是我国经济最发达、水污染最严重的地区之一,正面临着严重的环境问题。随着太湖流域社会经济的发展,太湖流域生态环境将承受更大的压力。因此,分析人类社会经济活动对太湖流域生态的影响,对研究太湖生态环境具有重要意义。采用系统分析的方法,围绕流域人类社会经济活动对湖泊生态安全的影响,建立湖泊生态安全的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法计算各指标因子的权重。在此基础上,以太湖流域2005年和2006年相关数据为依据,以MATLAB为工具,根据模糊数学的原理,利用多级模糊综合评价的方法对太湖进行生态综合评价,确定流域社会经济活动对整个湖泊生态系统的影响。研究结果表明,3个重要指数得分高低顺序依次为：水体环境状态指数＞水体污染负荷指数＞社会经济压力指数;除了点源污染以外,面源污染也是太湖流域生态环境问题的重要根源。     

釜溪河自贡城区段季节性低氧成因研究

釜溪河为沱江一级支流,在自贡城区段设有国考碳研所断面。收集碳研所断面近10年来水质自动站数据,分析溶解氧(DO)变化特征,采样调查釜溪河自贡城区段水质及河道底泥污染状况,采用相关性分析、数值模拟等,研究分析釜溪河自贡城区段溶解氧分布特征及碳研所断面季节性低氧成因。研究结果表明,碳研所断面的溶解氧质量浓度变化特征呈现春末夏初最低,白天高晚上低的特征。釜溪河碳研所断面河水耗氧类污染物质量浓度较沱江流域内其他断面高,耗氧强度较大,溶解氧质量浓度较沱江流域其他断面偏低;其次,研究河段中釜溪河污水厂以下河段受污水厂低氧水排入和金子凼堰底层低氧水下泄影响,其溶解氧水平整体较污水厂以上河段低;最后,河段底泥有机质含量较高,春夏季气温升高将导致微生物分解活性增强大量消耗溶解氧,同时,闸坝和外来水体排入的水文扰动造成污水厂以下河段水温梯度弱,表层溶解氧易受底层低氧水影响,促使断面形成季节性低氧现象。溶解氧预测模型结果也进一步证实了温度变化和垂向温度梯度弱是碳研所断面溶解氧质量浓度季节性偏低的主要因素。     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

阿坝州室内氡及子体水平与肺癌患病率关系的研究

本文报道了四川省阿坝州高原山区各县室内氧及子体浓度,并对阿坝州各县肺癌患病进行了流调。全州室内氧浓度范围值0.5～374.1Bqm~(_3)X:22.7Bqm~(-3);Xg:16.3Bqm~(-3),子体浓度范围值0.32～87.6mwl;X:6.0mwl;Xg:3.94mwl。研究表明:肺癌患病率与氡浓度有相关关系,r=0.6,p<0.01。     

亚硝酰亚铁螯合物--Ⅰ.NO与FeⅡ螯合物在水溶液中配位的热力学研究

本文报道了一氧化氮在水溶液中与Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2),Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA).Fe~Ⅱ(CyDTA)和Fe~Ⅱ(EGTA)配位的研究.此处NTMP=氨基三甲叉膦酸,EDTMP=乙二胺四甲叉膦酸,TTHA=三乙四胺六乙酸,DTPA=二乙三胺五乙酸,CyDTA=反式-1,2-二胺六环四乙酸,EGTA=乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸.测定了前四个体系的平衡常数、焓变和熵变,这些亚硝酰配合物稳定性的顺序如下:Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA)(NO):后两个体系所生成的亚硝酰配合物的稳定性更低.稳定性随温度升高而降低.pH值和螯合剂浓度对配位反应有影响.螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m的稳定性与亚硝酰螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m(NO)的稳定性之间没有简单的相关性.     

NKY树脂吸附水溶性染料的研究

研究了新型树ＮＫＹ对７种水溶性染料的静态吸附特性，结果表明，该树脂对水溶性染料的吸附具有特性效，通过三常数方程非线性回归实验数据可求出吸附过程的△Ｇ＾０，说明ＮＫＹ对染料的第一层吸附为物理和化学作用并存在的过程，多层吸附为典型的物理吸附。由分民比和温度关系曲线可求得△Ｈ＾０，推导出的标准自由熵为正值，说明吸附是自发进行的。     

涂料印花废水污染治理技术

分析了涂料直接印花废水污染物成分和理化性质，提出了该废水的治理措施。