Leaching-induced migration and compositional form change of Cu,Zn, and Cd from sludge to loess

Land utilization of sewage sludge has become one of the major issues in environmental mitigation in China. This is particularly important in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Sludge enriched with organic matter and nutrients might effectively help to resolve the problems of silty loess soils as evidenced by porosity defect, structural alterations and absence of fertility. After sludge flows into the loess, irrigation water contains heavy metals that leach and migrate into sludge and consequently related human health risks may occur that raise concerns; and this situation needs to be rectified. The characteristics of the vertical migration and composition form change of Cu, Zn, and Cd from composted sludge to loess, and corresponding influencing factors, were investigated by performing a soil column simulation test under the leaching treatment of a one-year irrigation water capacity. Results demonstrated that: (1) composted sludge significantly improved loess fertility, and irrigation leaching transported only a small quantity of organic matter in sludge in the plough layer; (2) although some of the Cu, Zn, and Cd in composted sludge migrated to and concentrated in the middle and upper layers of the soil column during leaching, these metals were mostly retained in the plough layer; and (3) after the leaching treatment of the one-year irrigation water capacity, the compositions of Cu, Zn, and Cd (particularly Cu and Zn) in both plough layer and loess began to stabilize with low concentrations in the exudate. These findings confirmed the applicability of composted sludge in loess regions. This study provided a new insight into the sludge reuse in alkaline soils in arid and semi-arid region.     

还原温度对Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂,考察了还原温度和还原-氧化预处理对Pd/Al2O3和Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,Pd/Al2O3的活性受还原温度的影响很小.Pd-CeO2/Al2O3还原温度的升高使CeO2发生迁移,导致催化剂表面Pd原子数减少,同时削弱了Pd-Ce界面效应,从而使催化剂的活性降低.还原-氧化预处理使Pd-CeO2/Al2O3的活性有较大提高,预处理能促使Pd的再分散,增加了对H2的吸附活化能力,在Pd-Ce的界面效应共同作用下使催化剂拥有较高的活性.     

人血清白蛋白功能化的磁性纳米粒子对掌叶大黄的配体垂钓

掌叶大黄是中国传统的药用植物,其主要活性成分为蒽醌类化合物.利用人血清白蛋白(Human serumalbumin,HSA)功能化的磁性纳米粒子(Magnetic nanoparticles,MNPs)为固相萃取材料,对掌叶大黄的水提取液进行配体垂钓研究,从中捕获到两个HSA的配体;结合质谱鉴定其结构分别为大黄素和大黄酚.基于磁性纳米粒子的配体垂钓技术可为从传统药用植物中寻找HSA的小分子配体提供一个简便有效的方法.     

炼油企业中环境因素的识别

简要叙述了环境因素的识别在炼油企业中的必要性和存在的一些问题，并提出改进工作的建议。     

光照条件对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长特性的影响

本文采用多孔曝气管的曝气方式,以蠕动泵为藻液循环的动力,研究了气体流量、光照强度、光照周期等因素对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长与代谢特性的影响,并利用傅里叶红外光谱半定量法对不同光照条件下藻细胞内蛋白质、油脂以及多糖含量变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,适当的气体流量、光照强度和光照周期有利于跑道池内蛋白核小球藻细胞的生长和代谢。在本实验条件下,在最佳气体流量2 000 mL/min条件下,光照强度为3 500 μW/cm2,光照周期为16:8时最有利于蛋白核小球藻的生长;光照强度为2 000 μW/cm2和光照周期为16:8的条件均有利于藻细胞内油脂的积累。     

我国旅游教育发展的初步研究

我国旅游业的高速发展推动了旅游教育事业快速发展,同时也给旅游教育提出了更高的要求和挑战.在文献分析和整理的基础上,简要梳理了改革开放以来我国旅游教育发展所取得的显著成就,归纳出旅游专业教育在培养目标和模式、教学观念、课程设置、教学方法、师资力量、就业等方面存在的问题,最后提出了未来旅游教育发展的对策和建议.     

采用Dolphin技术治理河道水质的探索

介绍了Dolphin技术的原理、特点,采用该技术对河道水处理后,水质有很大的改变,水体能见度明显提高,臭味被遏制,藻类显著减少,而且无污泥和异味,对氨氮和高锰酸钾指数的去除率均在50%左右。     

水库溃坝损失及其计算方法研究

主要研究水库渍坝损失及其计算方法．分析了水库溃坝及其损失的特点,提出了溃坝洪水淹没损失的直接经济损失的实物型损失与收益型损失、间接经济损失、非经济损失的内容及其计算方法,并探讨了库区坍岸损失与清决工程损失计算方法．     

边境贸易发展的环境影响预测及其调控研究——以满洲里市为例

边镜贸易作为我国作为开放的重要组成部分，进展显著。本文在概述我国边境贸易发展所产生的环境问题的基础上，以我国最大的陆边口岸－－满州里市为例，运用灰色预测，动态规划等方法探讨边境贸易与环境保护协调发展的途径。