邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对THP-1细胞IL-1β和MMP-8表达及ROS的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯((DEHP)的细胞免疫毒性作用与机制,采用RT-PCR和ELISA方法,考察了0.05～1μmol·L-1浓度范围内的DEHP对THP-1细胞白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及基质金属蛋白酶-8(MMP-8)基因和蛋白表达的影响;采用免疫印迹WesternBlot方法检测DE-HP对ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响;以2,'7-'二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)为荧光探针检测1～50μmol·L-1DEHP对细胞内活性氧(ROS)产生的影响。结果显示,0.05和0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在6h内显著诱导IL-1β和MMP-8基因表达(P<0.05或0.01);0.05～1μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞48h,可诱导IL-1β蛋白表达,并表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,线性拟合的确定系数为0.937;0.05μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞6或12h,显著诱导MMP-8蛋白表达(P<0.05);0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在15～30min内快速诱导ERK1/2磷酸化;1～50μmol·L-1DEHP浓度依赖性刺激细胞中ROS的产生;ERK/MAPK抑制剂PD98059显著抑制DEHP诱导的MMP-8分泌,但对IL-1β分泌未表现出抑制作用。研究表明,DEHP可能是经ERK/MAPK信号路径诱导MMP-8基因和蛋白的表达,经其他路径诱导IL-1β基因和蛋白的表达,诱导细胞内ROS的产生,从而激发炎症反应,进而损害免疫系统功能引发哮喘等炎症性疾病。此研究结果可为DEHP的暴露风险评估提供参考。     

Removal of Zn2+ from aqueous solution by biomass of Agaricus bisporus

Biosorption of Zn²⁺ from aqueous solutions by biomass of Agaricus bisporus was investigated. The removal rates of Zn²⁺ by A. bisporus under different parameters (e.g., solution pH, bio-sorbent dosage and initial Zn²⁺ concentration) were studied. The inhibition of A. bisporus’s biosorption by anionic ligands EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid), acetate and citrate) implied that EDTA and citrate might be used as eluting reagents. Regular and simultaneous solution pH change and light metal ions release after biosorption indicated that an ion exchange mechanism was involved. From FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, the main functional groups participated in biosorption were found. Biosorption of Zn²⁺ by A. bisporus could be well described by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. In conclusion, the biomass of A. bisporus showed high potential for the treatment of wastewater containing Zn²⁺.     

Reduction of carbon dioxide into tetraiodomethane at 1?atm

We here report that by using electronegative gas of iodine and CO₂ under negative corona discharge, tetraiodomethane could be synthesized at 70?°C and 1?atm without any catalyst, despite thermodynamically infeasible at ambience without electron discharge. The conversion of carbon dioxide reached 88.71?% at a gas flow rate of 0.06?L/min and a discharge frequency of 9.608?kHz. The anion-involved CO₂ reduction process could be implemented efficiently under mild conditions, avoiding high temperature and high pressure.     

袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术研究

介绍了袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术,并对其相关试验系统进行了描述,分析了各阻力系数与料气比之间的关系,给出了各阻力系数的取值范围,供工程设计人员参考。     

无损检测用X光底片伪缺陷的产生及防止方法

X光底片作为直接反映缺陷形状、大小、数量的媒介,它的质量好坏对于无损检测人员作出正确分析判断是极其重要的。总结了X光底片上伪缺陷产生的原因,并提出了相应的防止方法。     

生态设计:汽车工业可持续发展的新视角

随着世界汽车工业的飞速发展,汽车工业发展与环境保护之间矛盾日益凸现。从企业可持续发展论和生态设计定义谈起,提出了汽车工业生态设计的理念,并探讨了生态设计的内涵和战略,从汽车产品生态设计和汽车企业环境经营两个方面提出了实现汽车工业可持续发展的思路和建议,以期为更好地解决汽车工业与环境保护之间的矛盾提供借鉴。     

工作环境改变后在役压力容器的检验

介绍了使用环境异常变化后,压力容器重新检验的必要性及相关的检验内容和技巧。     

基于FLUENT的掘进机外喷雾降尘系统相似参数的探讨

以某型纵轴式掘进机的喷雾系统为工程对象,研究系统的关键技术参数,运用量纲分析法推导出系统的相似准则得到相似比关系构建相似优化数学模型,利用Pro/E、GAMBIT工具箱、FLUENT进行建模、系统网格划分及仿真至迭代收敛,得到相似优化设计前后喷雾系统的相关实验数据与图形,最后在Tecplot中实现数据的后处理。通过仿真分析,验证了基于相似参数优化设计的喷雾系统模型的可行性,为掘进机喷雾系统的参数优化提供了一个新的思路和方法。     

乌鲁木齐市大气污染治理成效的综合评估分析

2012~2013年乌鲁木齐采用了以煤改气为主的大气环境治理措施.利用2009~2014年冬季主要污染物浓度、1993~2014年的直接辐射、能见度、霾日数据,并参考相关文献,从大气环境的化学属性、物理属性两个方面评估煤改气等工程措施对乌鲁木齐市大气环境的改善效果.结果表明, 2013~2014年两个冬季乌鲁木齐市主要污染物PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂浓度比煤改气前期(2009~2011年冬季)各自下降了26.1%、80.2%、11.6%;细颗粒物PM_2.5中水溶性物质的总浓度比例下降了20.57%.煤改气工程前后PM_2.5中可溶性离子浓度排名前三位的均是SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-,但后期SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺占据PM_2.5质量浓度比例比前期下降近一半,NO₃^-质量浓度比例变化不大.从大气物理特性来看,煤改气等工程之后乌鲁木齐冬季直接辐射量提高,且2014/2015年冬季的直接辐射量是过去23年中第二个峰值;2012/2013年冬季能见度平均增加了5.7km,是1997年以来的最大值.与上年度同期相比,增幅达35.0%;2012/2013年冬季霾日数比上年度同期减少了15d,降幅达50%.上述结果说明乌鲁木齐市的大气环境得到了一定程度的改善.     

Characteristics,sources and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> at a megacity of southwest China

Twenty trace elements in fine particulate matters (i.e., PM_2.5) at urban Chengdu, a southwest megacity of China, were determined to study the characteristics, sources and human health risk of particulate toxic heavy metals. This work mainly focused on eight toxic heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The average concentration of PM_2.5 was 165.1 ± 84.7 µg m^?3 during the study period, significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 µg m^?3 in annual average). The particulate heavy metal pollution was very serious in which Cd and As concentrations in PM_2.5 significantly surpassed the WHO standard. The enrichment factor values of heavy metals were typically higher than 10, suggesting that they were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources. More specifically, the Cr, Mn and Ni were slightly enriched, Cu was highly enriched, while As, Cd, Pb and Zn were severely enriched. The results of correlation analysis showed that Cd may come from metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing emissions, and the other metals were predominately influenced by traffic emissions and coal combustion. The results of health risk assessment indicated that As, Mn and Cd would pose a significant non-carcinogenic health risk to both children and adults, while Cr would cause carcinogenic risk. Other toxic heavy metals were within a safe level.