油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究进展

针对油气田开发过程中,大量设备/管道承受高压/高流速多相流体中固相颗粒的冲蚀磨损作用,易导致损伤失效情况,系统梳理了国内外对材料冲蚀磨损主控因素的研究成果,着重分析了金属材料力学特性、多相流体特性、固相颗粒特性和冲蚀磨损条件等4类因素对金属材料冲蚀速率的影响规律,指出了当前油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究在分析方法方面仍存在不足,并为后续研究工况设置、实验装置使用方式提出了建议。     

Spatial distribution of health risks for residents located close to solvent-consuming industrial VOC emission sources

Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions.     

海洋工程对砂质海岸演变的影响——以海南万宁日月湾人工岛为例

日月岛工程的建设,使日月湾海湾的侵蚀和淤积在短期内发生了快速的变化,西南侧海岸的侵蚀威胁了陆侧青皮林自然保护区的生长。对日月湾海岸进行监测管理变得刻不容缓。结合多时相遥感影像和四期实测岸滩数据,探讨日月岛工程的建设对日月湾海岸的冲淤影响。日岛岛影区岸滩淤涨,2016年已形成连岛沙坝,总淤积宽度约370 m,长度约1500 m;日岛东北侧受日岛建成后波浪折射与绕射等的影响发生侵蚀现象,最大侵蚀宽度约20m,长度约380 m。日岛西南侧出现严重的侵蚀后退现象,侵蚀宽度约40 m,长度约2000 m。月岛工程的建设改善了西南侧的侵蚀现象,然而仍有约800 m的岸线处于侵蚀状态。综合考虑自然因素与技术条件,丁坝、人工补沙与厚藤生态养护结合的海岸修复方式是适用于日月湾海岸的修复方法。     

滑坡灰色系统预测模型及其应用

本文在分析目前国内外滑坡灰色预测预报模型基础上，提出了一种新的滑坡灰色系统预测预报模型。该模型相对於过去常用的灰色模型考虑了更多的影响因素，有更高的可信度。它不仅可用作滑波的临滑预报，还可用于般监测信息的预测。     

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for Village-in-City

1 INTRODUCTIONAs a special pattern of community in city, "village-in-city"has objectively existed for many years, but it is only inrecent years that the phenomenon of "village-in-city" hasreally aroused the attention of scholars, government andmedia. The attention of government and media is mainlyfocused on the urban managerial problems that areproduced by "village-in-city", while the academic circlestry to explain the phenomenon of "village-in-city" andput forward measures in the academic…     

Peroxymonosulfate enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and simultaneously cathodic recycling of silver

Degradation of organic contaminants with simultaneous recycling of Ag⁺ from silver-containing organic wastewater such as photographic effluents is desired. Although photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology is a good candidate for this type of wastewater, its reaction kinetics still needs to be improved. Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was employed to enhance the PEC kinetics for oxidation of phenol (PhOH) at the anode and reduction of Ag⁺ at the cathode. The degradation efficiency of phenol (PhOH, 0.1 mmol/L) was increased from 42.8% to 96.9% by adding 5 mmol/L PMS at a potential of 0.25 V. Meanwhile, the Ag (by wt%) deposited on the cathode was 28.1% (Ag₂O) in PEC process, while that of Ag (by wt%) was 69.7% (Ag⁰) by adding PMS. According to the electrochemistry analysis, PMS, as photoelectrons acceptor, enhances the separation efficiency of charges and the direct h⁺ oxidation of PhOH at the photoanode. Meantime, the increasing cathode potential avoided H₂ evolution and strongly alkaline at the surface of cathode, thus enabling the deposition of Ag⁺ in the form of metallic silver with the help of PMS. In addition, PMS combined with PEC process was effective in treating photographic effluents.     

Measurement and spatial convergence analysis of China’s agricultural green development index

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural green development index (AGDI), this paper uses entropy weight method and linear weighted...     

背角无齿蚌钙调蛋白基因的克隆及Ca2+和Cd2+对其表达的影响

钙调蛋白(CaM)是Ca2+结合蛋白,参与程序性细胞死亡、自噬、肌肉收缩、炎症和免疫应答等多种生物学过程.为探讨Ca2+和Cd2+对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的生理效应,克隆出AwCaM1全基因序列,分析Ca2+和Cd2+对AwCaM1表达的影响.结果显示,背角无齿蚌AwCAM1 cDNA全长由692个碱基组成,包含一个516 bp开放阅读框编码的172个氨基酸的多肽链,AwCaM1氨基酸序列包含有4个Ca2+结合EF-手形结构域.Ca2+处理后,肝胰脏中AwCaM1表达水平在0.01、0.02、0.04和0.08 mg·L-1处理组呈时间和剂量依赖性方式上调;Cd2+处理后,肝胰脏中AwCaM1表达水平在8 mg·L-1和16 mg·L-1处理组增加了65.04％(P<0.01)以上.与对照组相比,Ca2+处理后鳃中AwCaM1表达水平增加了79.41％(P<0.01)以上,Cd2+处理后AwCaM1表达水平增加了88.23％(P<0.01)以上.与对照组相比,外套膜中AwCaM1表达水平在0.16 mg·L-1的Ca2+处理组增加了1.69倍以上(P<0.01),AwCaM1表达水平在8 mg·L-1和16 mg·L-1的Cd2+处理组增加了1.65倍(P<0.01)以上.以上结果表明,Ca2+和Cd2+处理对背角无齿蚌AwCaM1表达水平具有显著的诱导作用,其原因与钙的吸收和胁迫效应有关.     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.