Removal of genotoxicity in chlorinated secondary effluent of a domestic wastewater treatment plant during dechlorination

Purpose  

Dechlorination with tetravalent sulfur is widely used in wastewater treatment processes after chlorination. Dechlorination can remove certain genotoxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, the reactions occurring during dechlorination of chlorinated secondary effluent and their genotoxic chemicals are still very complex, and the related genotoxicity changes remain unknown. Therefore, the effects of dechlorination on genotoxicity in secondary effluent and its fractions and typical genotoxic chemical after chlorination were evaluated.     

活性污泥的耐盐驯化培养

以某污水处理厂二沉池好氧污泥为接种污泥,采用逐步提高盐度和稳定盐度2种方法对活性污泥进行耐盐性驯化培养,考察驯化结果表明,前一种方法更有利于耐盐菌的培养。对比不同盐度情况下各项指标的去除效果得出:本实验污泥适宜盐度为1%。使用稳定进水盐度的方法,出水指标及各指标的去除率均低于逐步提高盐度法,且镜检结果表明大量微生物死亡。     

污泥转移SBR工艺处理低浓度生活污水

污泥转移SBR工艺是一种通过内部污泥回流实现污泥在不同SBR隔室间转移,从而增加污泥利用效率,提高系统除污效能的新工艺。以设计规模为240 m3/d、处理低浓度生活污水的工艺系统为对象,研究了新工艺在不同泥转移量(污泥回流比)下的除污性能,并与系统以传统SBR方式运行的情况进行了对比。结果表明,新工艺可以有效提高SBR反应器的容积利用率;采用30%的污泥回流比进行污泥转移,新工艺的处理能力比传统SBR工艺提高近1/2,除磷效率从46%提升至85%。出水各项水质指标均能达到国家排放标准的要求。     

无硫膨胀石墨的制备及吸油性能

通过单因子实验考察了无硫膨胀石墨制备过程中氧化剂及插层剂用量、氧化反应及插层反应时间、氧化反应及插层反应温度对无硫膨胀石墨膨胀体积的影响。通过正交实验确定了制备无硫膨胀石墨的最优条件是:石墨(g)∶浓硝酸(mL)∶30%H2O2(mL)∶乙酸酐(mL)=1∶2.25∶0.25∶0.6,在30℃条件下氧化反应60 min,加入插层剂后在60℃条件下插层反应90 min,此条件无硫膨胀石墨的膨胀体积达317 mL/g使用XPS、FT-IR、XRD和SEM对无硫膨胀石墨进行了表征并对其吸油性能和再生性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备无硫膨胀石墨对原油和柴油的最大吸附量分别为66.3 g/g和62.7 g/g。吸附原油后的无硫膨胀石墨抽滤再生后首次再生率为49.1%,原油的回收率为64.5%。     

曝气浸没固定生物膜反应器处理化粪池出水

研究了以丝瓜络作为生物膜载体的曝气浸没固定生物膜反应器在处理化粪池出水时的可行性以及运行性能。结果表明,丝瓜络生物膜反应器可以在2周内成功启动;水力停留时间(HRT)对COD和氨氮的去除效果有显著影响,在水力停留时间为4 h的条件下,系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到了78.5%和96.4%。另外,系统有较强抗有机污染物冲击负荷的能力,当COD和氨氮的进水浓度分别为59.3 mg/L和15.9 mg/L时,系统对有机污染物的去除效果较佳,去除率分别达到了80.0%和98.9%。     

水稻与棉花秸秆不同预处理厌氧发酵产沼气

以猪粪为接种物,以棉花秸秆和水稻秸秆为发酵原料,分别对秸秆进行稀碱法预处理和稀碱法与超声波联合预处理,在发酵温度为(37±1)℃的条件下进行厌氧发酵产沼气的研究。结果表明,以联合预处理的秸秆为发酵原料,厌氧发酵的各项指标均比以稀碱预处理秸秆发酵的效果好,其中累积产气量和沼气中甲烷含量分别提高35.23%和2.4%,发酵后TS、VS含量相对减少2.6%～10.94%,发酵液代谢产物中的有机酸丙酮酸、乙酸和柠檬酸含量相对减少23.9%～25.9%、20.24%～24.53%和41.08%～45.91%。     

二级絮凝-活性炭处理实验室无机废水的效果

采用两级絮凝-活性炭吸附法处理实验室无机废水,研究了该方法对重金属、硫化物、挥发酚、苯胺和浊度等的处理效果。结果表明,在絮凝温度、搅拌、曝气及污水pH值调节范围一定的情况下,硫酸亚铁(FeSO4.7H2O)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)结合的二级絮凝方法能有效地降低污水中的重金属和硫化物等污染物。二级絮凝处理中,使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)对一级絮凝中去除效果不好的Cr6+的去除效果显著,去除率达到90%以上;活性炭对苯胺和硫化物的去除效果最佳,去除率都在90%以上。同时,该方法还有效降低了废水的浊度和色度。因此,是一种快速、低成本和工艺简单的处理实验室废水的有效途径。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of monuron in the suspension of WO3 under the irradiation of UV-visible light

A comprehensive study of the degradation of monuron, one of the phenylurea herbicides, was conducted by UV-Vis/WO₃ process. It was found that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the decay of monuron while other radicals (e.g. superoxide) and hole might also contribute to the decomposition of monuron. The oxidation path likely plays a major role in the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The effects of initial pH level, initial concentration of monuron, and inorganic oxidants on the performance of UV-Vis/WO₃ process were also investigated and optimized. Comparison between monuron decay pathways by UV-Vis/WO₃ and UV/TiO₂ was conducted. The decay mechanisms, including N-terminus demethylation, dechlorination and direct hydroxylation on benzene ring, were observed to be involved in the oxidation of monuron in these two processes. Sixteen intermediates were identified during the photodegradation of monuron and degradation pathways were proposed accordingly.     

垃圾填埋场甲烷氧化菌及甲烷通量的研究

采用静态箱法、滚管计数法和气相色谱法,对6个不同封场时间填埋区的甲烷通量、覆土层甲烷氧化菌数量和甲烷氧化速率的变化趋势进行了测定,并分析了它们与封场时间、植被覆盖率等因素之间的相关性。结果发现6个填埋区甲烷通量的变化范围在-0.34～5.31 mg/(m2.h)之间;覆土层甲烷氧化菌的数量范围为3.10×107～20.77×107 cfu/g干土,甲烷氧化速率在1.65×10-8～4.34×10-8mol/(h.g)之间。覆土层甲烷氧化菌的数量与甲烷氧化速率呈正相关,但前者并不是后者的决定性因素;甲烷通量高时可刺激甲烷氧化菌数量及氧化速率的提高,且三者均与封场时间呈显著负相关,与植被覆盖率呈负相关;当含水率大于15%时,随着覆土层含水率的增加,甲烷氧化速率呈下降趋势;覆土pH、有机质和铵态氮与甲烷氧化速率等无明显相关性。提高覆土层的甲烷氧化速率可有效减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放。     

Assessment of waters and sediments impacted by drainage at the Young Dong coal mine site, South Korea

Introduction  

This study focused on the assessment of the geochemistry and hydrology of the Imgok Creek–Young Dong tributary for the design of a field coal mine drainage treatment system.