久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究III.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对3种海洋微藻细胞内2种清除活性氧的关键性酶--超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果显示:1.在久效磷的胁迫下,扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势,而叉鞭金藻细胞的SOD活性时而上升,时而下降,在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化.2.随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长,3种微藻细胞的过氧化物酶活性均逐渐下降,表现出相同的变化规律性.这说明不同的藻种,久效磷对其细胞内酶活性的影响不尽相同.推测超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的降低是微藻细胞内过量产生活性氧,进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一.     

草甸棕壤对~(210)Pb(Pb)、~(210)Bi的吸附和pH的影响

根据土壤中几种无机配位体浓度,推算了Pb不同沉淀形式所对应的浓度,并将其与~(210)Pb示踪实验测量值对比,证明土壤中Pb主要是以磷酸盐形式存在。~(210)Bi和Pb共沉淀后被土壤吸附。pH对土壤~(210)Pb(Pb)、~(210)Bi、吸附影响曲线形状相似。土壤Pb和~(210)Bi分别在pH值为5和2.6时解吸。测定了土壤—水系统中~(210)Pb和~(210)Bi的分配系数,分别为(0.5—0.6)×10~3和(0.3—3.0)×10~4。     

农村生活污水处理实用技术新进展

对高效藻类塘、一体化氧化沟、蚯蚓生态滤池和土壤毛细管渗滤净化系统四种实用工艺的特点和效果进行了介绍和分析，以供决策者参考。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅴ)

第十四类有机酸 活性特点: 羧酸是具有HO-C=O官能团的有机物.在羧酸中,碳原子以SP2杂化成键,羟基氧的孤电子对与碳氧双键相共轭,使得C-O键加强,O-H键减弱,从而羧基中的氢可以离解,并且离解后形成的羧基负离子由于共轭加强,更增加了羧基负离子的稳定性,因而羧酸具有弱酸性.同时,也正是由于共轭而使羧基碳的亲电能力减弱,只与较强的亲核试剂(如金属烷氧化物)发生反应.     

Transformation of Organic Matter of the Larch Forest Soils in the Northern Taiga of Nizhne-Tungusskoe Plateau, Central Siberia

The evaluation of biospheric role of the boreal forests in the accumulation of carbon is connected with the evaluation of organic matter (OM) pool in soils. The research sites were larch forests, they are situated on Nizhne-Tungusskoe Plateau. Larch forests of feather-moss and lichen types (110 and 380 years old) were formed on 'ochric podbur' soils. Litter stocks are 3.5–4.5 kg m^{− 2} with thickness 10–25 cm. Cryomezomorphic northern taiga soils contains 38–73 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}. Pool of fast mineralized OM has average value 38.1 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}, including 20.5 and 6.4 t (Carbon) ha^{− 1} of labile compounds on surface and in the soil, and 11.2 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} of mobile OM. Microbial mass reaches 1.78–3.47 t (carbon) ha^{− 1}, its proportion is 3.6–4.9% of the total OM carbon. Zoomass of feather-moss larch forest is 0.20–0.61 * 10^{− 2}, in lichen larch forest −0.01–0.07 * 10^{− 2} t (carbon) ha^{− 1}. A pool of resistant to biological decomposition and bonded to mineral soil matrix OM is 17.7 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} and it varies from 18.6 to 29.0 in feather-moss larch forest, and from 6.4 to 17.0 t (carbon) ha^{− 1} in lichen larch forest. Two-years field experiment has been performed to determine transformation rates of various plant litter fractions and to clarify the role of soil biota in these processes. The results showed participation of all biota groups in the decomposition of plant residues caused weight loss of larch-needles and root mortmass. Isolation of organic matter from all-size invertebrate groups leads to some decrease of decomposition activity.     

肯尼亚米达河红树林森林恢复状况:一个受损害的还是有保障的未来?

本文研究了米达河(南纬3°20',东经40°00')两个红树林森林地区(乌永博和基雷普维)带状横断面的红树林植被的结构和恢复型式.